Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development.
Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development.
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微量元素锌（Zn）与真核细胞中超过10%的蛋白质结合。锌的灵活化学允许它调节数百种酶的活性，并影响整个身体细胞中的代谢过程。人类锌缺乏对发育和成年人以后的生活有深远的影响，特别是在大脑中，锌缺乏与几种神经系统疾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们将总结锌在发展过程中的重要性，通过遗传和早期饮食锌缺乏的结果的描述，侧重于对整个身体和大脑的病理后果。人类锌缺乏的流行病学和病理学将被描述，包括研究最多的遗传性锌缺乏病，肠病性肢端皮炎。此外，我们还将概述锌缺乏的不同形式和动物模型，以及24种锌转运蛋白，分布在两个家族：ZIPs和ZnTs，它们控制着全身锌的平衡。最后，我们将描述TRPM7离子通道，它最近被证明有助于肠道锌的吸收，并对早期胚胎发育有自己的显着影响。
The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in humans has a profound effect on development and in adults later in life, particularly in the brain, where Zn deficiency is linked to several neurological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the importance of Zn during development through a description of the outcomes of both genetic and early dietary Zn deficiency, focusing on the pathological consequences on the whole body and brain. The epidemiology and the symptomology of Zn deficiency in humans will be described, including the most studied inherited Zn deficiency disease, Acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, we will give an overview of the different forms and animal models of Zn deficiency, as well as the 24 Zn transporters, distributed into two families: the ZIPs and the ZnTs, which control the balance of Zn throughout the body. Lastly, we will describe the TRPM7 ion channel, which was recently shown to contribute to intestinal Zn absorption and has its own significant impact on early embryonic development.