Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators
Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01275.x
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Heitz-Mayfield, Lisa J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heitz-Mayfield, Lisa J. A.
背景：种植体周围疾病包括种植体周围粘膜炎（描述种植体周围粘膜的炎症性病变）和种植体周围炎（还包括支撑骨丢失）。方法：使用系统方法对 Medline 数据库（Ovid）截至 2008 年 1 月 21 日进行文献检索，以审查种植体周围的诊断证据和风险指标 结果：实验和临床研究已经确定了各种诊断标准，包括探诊参数、放射线评估以及种植体周围沟液和唾液分析。横断面分析调查了种植体周围疾病的潜在风险指标，包括口腔卫生不良、吸烟、牙周炎病史、糖尿病、遗传特征、饮酒和种植体表面。有证据表明，使用轻力（0.25 N）进行探诊不会损伤种植体周围组织，并且探诊出血（BOP）表明种植体周围粘膜存在炎症。应定期评估探诊深度、BOP 的存在和化脓情况，以诊断种植体周围疾病。需要进行放射线照片来评估种植体周围的支撑骨水平。该审查发现了强有力的证据，表明口腔卫生不良、牙周炎病史和吸烟史是种植体周围疾病的风险指标。未来的前瞻性研究需要确认这些因素是真正的危险因素。
Background: Peri-implant diseases include peri-implant mucositis, describing an inflammatory lesion of the peri-implant mucosa, and peri-implantitis, which also includes loss of supporting bone.Methods: A literature search of the Medline database (Ovid), up to 21 January 2008 was carried out using a systematic approach, in order to review the evidence for diagnosis and the risk indicators for peri-implant diseases.Results: Experimental and clinical studies have identified various diagnostic criteria including probing parameters, radiographic assessment and peri-implant crevicular fluid and saliva analyses. Cross-sectional analyses have investigated potential risk indicators for peri-implant disease including poor oral hygiene, smoking, history of periodontitis, diabetes, genetic traits, alcohol consumption and implant surface. There is evidence that probing using a light force (0.25 N) does not damage the peri-implant tissues and that bleeding on probing (BOP) indicates presence of inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa. The probing depth, the presence of BOP, and suppuration should be assessed regularly for the diagnosis of peri-implant diseases. Radiographs are required to evaluate supporting bone levels around implants. The review identified strong evidence that poor oral hygiene, a history of periodontitis and cigarette smoking, are risk indicators for peri-implant disease. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these factors as true risk factors.