Aphid Infestation Increases Fusarium langsethiae and T-2 and HT-2 Mycotoxins in Wheat.
Aphid Infestation Increases Fusarium langsethiae and T-2 and HT-2 Mycotoxins in Wheat.
复制标题
蚜虫侵染会增加小麦中的镰刀菌以及 T-2 和 HT-2 霉菌毒素。
DOI：
10.1128/aem.02343-16
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Drakulic J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drakulic J
镰刀菌是一种禾谷类作物的真菌病原体，在北方欧洲是一个日益严重的问题，但其流行病学知之甚少。该物种产生真菌毒素T-2和HT-2，这是剧毒。推测麦长管蚜可能传播麦长管蚜。在小麦植株之间接种Langsethiae，并进行一系列的传播实验和挥发性化学分析来测试这一点。人工将蚜虫从接种的寄主转移到未感染的寄主上会导致病原体DNA在寄主中积累。然而，无翅蚜虫从受感染的植物到健康植物的自由运动却没有。在F.将小麦幼苗接种到小麦植株上也没有实现病原体的成功转移。虽然我们的数据表明蚜虫传播病原体不是很有效，但我们观察到当蚜虫存在时疾病增加。幼苗接种后，蚜虫处理后，观察到幼苗叶片中病原体DNA积累增加。此外，蚜虫在小麦植株上的存在与F。接种后的穗中F.此外，蚜虫还导致了T-2和HT-2毒素浓度的增加，其毒素水平比没有蚜虫的患病植株高3倍以上。这项工作强调了蚜虫增加小麦寄主植物对F.重要性当蚜虫与小麦共寄主时，小麦赤霉病菌和蚜虫侵染是小麦产品中T-2和HT-2积累水平增加危险因素。这种效应最近也被证明与禾谷镰刀菌，但这两种真菌物种显示出明显的差异，其对蚜虫种群的影响。在这两种情况下，蚜虫都能提高病原菌引起和引发小麦赤霉病（FHB）的能力，但F。Langsethiae可以作为分散剂。F. Langsethiae对小麦籽粒产生有害毒素，需要加以控制，但迄今为止，其流行病学尚未解决。这项工作揭示了蚜虫在促进该物种在小麦中成功定殖方面所起的作用，以及控制蚜虫种群对FHB高风险作物的益处。
Fusarium langsethiae is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that is an increasing problem in northern Europe, but much of its epidemiology is poorly understood. The species produces the mycotoxins T-2 and HT-2, which are highly toxic. It was hypothesized that grain aphids, Sitobion avenae, may transmit F. langsethiae inoculum between wheat plants, and a series of transmission experiments and volatile chemical analyses was performed to test this. Manual translocation of aphids from inoculated to uninfected hosts resulted in pathogen DNA accumulation in hosts. However, the free movement of wingless aphids from infected to healthy plants did not. The addition of winged aphids reared on F. langsethiae-inoculated wheat seedlings to wheat plants also did not achieve successful pathogen transfer. While our data suggested that aphid transmission of the pathogen was not very efficient, we observed an increase in disease when aphids were present. After seedling inoculation, an increase in pathogen DNA accumulation in seedling leaves was observed upon treatment with aphids. Furthermore, the presence of aphids on wheat plants with F. langsethiae-inoculated ears not only led to a rise in the amount of F. langsethiae DNA in infected grain but also to an increase in the concentrations of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, with more than 3-fold higher toxin levels than diseased plants without aphids. This work highlights that aphids increase the susceptibility of wheat host plants to F. langsethiae and that aphid infestation is a risk factor for accumulating increased levels of T-2 and HT-2 in wheat products.IMPORTANCEFusarium langsethiae is shown here to cause increased contamination levels of grain with toxins produced by fungus when aphids share the host plant. This effect has also recently been demonstrated with Fusarium graminearum, yet the two fungal species show stark differences in their effect on aphid populations. In both cases, aphids improve the ability of the pathogens to cause and initiate Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat, but F. langsethiae may be able to act as a dispersal agent. F. langsethiae contributes harmful toxins to wheat grain that need to be controlled, but as yet, its epidemiology is unresolved. This work reveals insights into the role aphids play in promoting the successful colonization of this species in wheat and the benefit of controlling aphid populations on crops that are at high risk of FHB.