The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission: Observing Terrestrial Surface Water and Oceanic Submesoscale Eddies
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission: Observing Terrestrial Surface Water and Oceanic Submesoscale Eddies
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DOI：
10.1109/jproc.2010.2043031
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Durand, Michael;Fu, Lee-Lueng;Esteban-Fernandez, Daniel
海洋表面的高度已经用星载高度计测量了20多年。然而，现有的高度计测量不足以描述大多数内陆水体的动态变化，也不足以描述小于100公里尺度的海洋涡旋的动态变化，尽管这些涡旋在海洋环流和气候变化中起着关键作用。对于陆地水文学，水面高程的原位和星载测量构成了估计湖泊、水库和湿地储水量变化以及河流流量的基础。然而，大多数内陆水体（例如数百万个北极湖泊）的储水量无法利用现有技术轻易测量。地表水水文学和物理海洋学社区需要的一个解决方案是测量沿河流、湖泊、溪流、湿地和海洋表面的水位高度。拟议的地表水和海洋地形（SWOT）任务将进行这样的测量。SWOT的核心技术是ka波段雷达干涉仪（KaRIN），当对感兴趣的目标进行平均时，该干涉仪可以实现几十米量级的空间分辨率和厘米级的垂直精度。平均重访次数将取决于纬度，在低至中纬度地区有2至4次重访，在高纬度地区有多达10次重访，类似于20天的轨道重复周期。
The elevation of the ocean surface has been measured for over two decades from spaceborne altimeters. However, existing altimeter measurements are not adequate to characterize the dynamic variations of most inland water bodies, nor of ocean eddies at scales of less than about 100 km, notwithstanding that such eddies play a key role in ocean circulation and climate change. For terrestrial hydrology, in situ and spaceborne measurements of water surface elevation form the basis for estimates of water storage change in lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands, and of river discharge. However, storage in most inland water bodies, e. g., millions of Arctic lakes, is not readily measured using existing technologies. A solution to the needs of both surface water hydrology and physical oceanography communities is the measurement of water elevations along rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands and over the ocean surface using swath altimetry. The proposed surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) mission will make such measurements. The core technology for SWOT is the Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIN), which would achieve spatial resolution on the order of tens of meters and centimetric vertical precision when averaged over targets of interest. Average revisit times will depend upon latitude, with two to four revisits at low to mid latitudes and up to ten revisits at high latitudes per similar to 20-day orbit repeat period.