Impaired visuomotor generalization by inconsistent attentional contexts
Impaired visuomotor generalization by inconsistent attentional contexts
复制标题
注意力环境不一致导致视觉运动泛化受损
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00089.2017
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Song, Joo-Hyun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Tony S.;Song, Joo-Hyun
在日常生活中，人们经常会遇到这样的情况：他们必须在复杂的环境中学习和获得新的运动技能，而注意力往往会被其他事件分散。在不同的环境中泛化和执行获得性运动动作是视觉运动学习的关键部分。本研究考察了注意力分散是否会损害视觉运动适应的泛化，或者持续的注意力分散是否可以作为促进泛化的内部线索。采用视觉运动旋转适应和注意要求次要任务相结合的双任务范式，我们发现注意情境从训练（双任务）切换到泛化（单任务）减少了视觉运动适应向未训练方向的转移范围。然而，当在训练和泛化过程中持续存在分心时，视觉运动泛化相当于完全没有分心。此外，即使在训练和泛化之间分心的感觉方式不同时，这种注意情境依赖的泛化也很明显。因此，双重任务的一般性质，而不是特定的刺激，与视觉运动记忆有关，并作为泛化的关键线索。综上所述，我们证明了注意在选择和关联多感觉信号与运动记忆的感觉运动适应过程中起着关键作用。这一发现为在复杂的日常环境中开发可推广的学习程序提供了见解。在注意力分散的复杂环境中学习新的运动动作是一项关键功能。成功的运动学习包括将已获得的技能从训练环境转移到新环境的能力。在这里，我们证明注意力分散不会损害视觉运动适应。相反，从训练到泛化的注意环境的一致性调节了转移到未训练位置的程度。因此，注意力和记忆的作用必须纳入现有的视觉运动学习模型。
In daily life, people are constantly presented with situations in which they have to learn and acquire new motor skills in complex environments, where attention is often distracted by other events. Being able to generalize and perform the acquired motor action in different environments is a crucial part of visuomotor learning. The current study examined whether attentional distraction impairs generalization of visuomotor adaptation or whether consistent distraction can operate as an internal cue to facilitate generalization. Using a dual-task paradigm combining visuomotor rotational adaptation and an attention-demanding secondary task, we showed that switching the attentional context from training (dual-task) to generalization (single-task) reduced the range of transfer of visuomotor adaptation to untrained directions. However, when consistent distraction was present throughout training and generalization, visuomotor generalization was equivalent to without distractions at all. Furthermore, this attentional context-dependent generalization was evident even when sensory modality of distractions differed between training and generalization. Therefore, the general nature of the dual tasks, rather than the specific stimuli, is associated with visuomotor memory and serves as a critical cue for generalization. Taken together, we demonstrated that attention plays a critical role during sensorimotor adaptation in selecting and associating multisensory signals with motor memory. This finding provides insight into developing learning programs that are generalizable in complex daily environments.NEW & NOTEWORTHYLearning novel motor actions in complex environments with attentional distraction is a critical function. Successful motor learning involves the ability to transfer the acquired skill from the trained to novel environments. Here, we demonstrate attentional distraction does not impair visuomotor adaptation. Rather, consistency in the attentional context from training to generalization modulates the degree of transfer to untrained locations. The role of attention and memory must, therefore, be incorporated into existing models of visuomotor learning.