Effects of rainfall harvesting and mulching technologies on water use efficiency and crop yield in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China
Effects of rainfall harvesting and mulching technologies on water use efficiency and crop yield in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.012
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Wang, Jinniu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Yajun;Xie, Zhongkui;Wang, Jinniu
在半干旱地区，作物生长受到水分的极大限制。土壤中有效水分可以通过覆盖地表和其他土壤管理措施来增加。2005年和2006年在中国甘肃高栏进行了垄沟雨水收集系统（RFRHS）、地膜和补灌（SI）不同组合对甜高粱（sorghum bicolour L.）的雨水收集、土壤水分、水分利用效率（WUE）、生物量产量（biomass yield）和玉米（Zea mays L.）种子产量的影响。在没有RFRHS的常规农田中，砾石砂覆盖比塑料覆盖或秸秆覆盖产生更高的生物质产量。在覆膜地，需要增加补灌量以提高作物产量。当自然降水小于5 mm时，无塑料覆盖脊的RFRHS对雨水收集没有影响。这是由于频繁的低降水阵雨导致的雨水径流很少，大部分收集在土壤表面的雨水都蒸发了。在RFRHS中，塑料覆盖垄沟的作物产量和水分利用效率高于裸垄沟，覆盖砾石砂垄沟的作物产量和水分利用效率在大多数情况下高于裸垄沟，覆盖秸秆垄沟的作物产量和水分利用效率在某些情况下高于裸垄沟。这很可能是由于塑料或砂砾覆盖减少了蒸发。在塑料覆盖垄沟和砾石砂覆盖垄沟的RFRHS中，在大多数情况下，补灌30 mm对甜高粱和玉米的产量和水分利用效率最高。综上所述，综合利用RFRHS、覆盖和补充灌溉可以提高雨水利用率，实现作物的高可持续产量。然而，在商业规模上使用这些做法之前，需要考虑到补充灌溉和建造RFRHS用于雨水收集的高额外成本。(C) 2008 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
In semi-arid areas, crop growth is greatly limited by water. Amount of available water in soil can be increased by surface mulching and other soil management practices. Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 at Gaolan, Gansu, China, to determine the influence of ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system (RFRHS), surface mulching and supplementary irrigation (SI) in various combinations on rainwater harvesting, amount of moisture in soil, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) and seed yield of maize (Zea mays L.). In conventional fields without RFRHS, gravel-sand mulching produced higher biomass yield than plastic-mulching or straw-mulching. In plastic-mulched fields, an increasing amount of supplemental irrigation was needed to improve crop yield. There was no effect of RFRHS without plastic-covered ridge on rainwater harvesting when natural precipitation was less than 5 mm per event. This was due to little runoff of rainwater from frequent low precipitation showers, and most of the harvested rainwater gathered at the soil surface is lost to evaporation. In the RFRHS, crop yield and WUE were higher with plastic-covered ridges than bare ridges, and also higher with gravel-sand-mulched furrows than bare furrows in most cases, or straw-mulched furrows in some cases. This was most likely due to decreased evaporation with plastic or gravel-sand mulch. In the RFRHS with plastic-covered ridges and gravel-sand-mulched furrows, application of 30 mm supplemental irrigation produced the highest yield and WUE for sweet sorghum and maize in most cases. In conclusion, the findings suggested the integrated use of RFRHS, mulching and supplementary irrigation to improve rainwater availability for high sustainable crop yield. However, the high additional costs of supplemental irrigation and construction of RFRHS for rainwater harvesting need to be considered before using these practices on a commercial scale. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.