Comparing alternative methods of measuring cumulative risk based on multiple risk indicators: Are there differential effects on children's externalizing problems?
Comparing alternative methods of measuring cumulative risk based on multiple risk indicators: Are there differential effects on children's externalizing problems?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0219134
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发表时间：
2019-07-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schuetze, Pamela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ettekal, Idean;Eiden, Rina D.;Schuetze, Pamela
本研究探讨了几种替代方法来衡量累积风险（CR）的基础上，多个风险指标。测量CR的几种方法，并评估其概念和方法的假设。更具体地说，在个体风险水平上，我们研究了各种测量方法的含义（即，二分的、比例分数和z分数）。在复合水平上，我们测量CR作为观察得分，并将这种方法与两种以变量为中心的方法（包括反射性和形成性指标）和两种以人为中心的方法（包括潜在类别分析和潜在轮廓分析）进行比较。提出了一种决策树来帮助研究人员比较和选择替代方法。使用169个低收入家庭（约5岁的儿童，51%的女孩，74%的非洲裔美国人，他们的主要照顾者）的样本，我们指定的模型来代表每一种替代方法。在各种模型中，多重风险复合因素基于一组12个单独的风险指标，包括母亲受教育程度低、饥饿、膳食和金钱的不可预测性、母亲精神病理学、母亲物质使用、严厉的养育、家庭压力和家庭暴力。对于每一个模型，我们估计的影响大小的复合CR变量对儿童的外化问题。结果表明，变量为中心的CR复合材料有更大的影响比观察到的总评分CR指数和以人为中心的方法。
This study examined several alternative methods to measure cumulative risk (CR) based on multiple risk indicators. Several methods for measuring CR are presented and their conceptual and methodological assumptions are assessed. More specifically, at the individual risk level, we examined the implications of various measurement approaches (i.e., dichotomous, proportion- and z-scores). At the composite level, we measured CR as an observed score, and compared this approach with two variable-centered approaches (consisting of reflective and formative indicators) and two person-centered approaches (consisting of latent class analysis and latent profile analysis). A decision tree was proposed to aid researchers in comparing and choosing the alternative methods. Using a sample of 169 low-income families (children approximately 5 years old, 51% girls; 74% African American, and their primary caregiver), we specified models to represent each of the alternative methods. Across models, the multiple risk composite was based on a set of 12 individual risk indicators including low maternal education, hunger, meal and money unpredictability, maternal psychopathology, maternal substance use, harsh parenting, family stress, and family violence. For each model, we estimated the effect size of the composite CR variable on children's externalizing problems. Results indicated that the variable-centered CR composites had larger effects than the observed summary score CR indices and the person-centered methods.