Quantifying size and number of adipocytes in adipose tissue.
Quantifying size and number of adipocytes in adipose tissue.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-411619-1.00006-9
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MacDougald, Ormond A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Parlee, Sebastian D.;Lentz, Stephen I.;Mori, Hiroyuki;MacDougald, Ormond A.
白色脂肪组织（WAT）是一种动态的、可改变的组织，在人类妊娠后期和啮齿类动物的产后早期发育中发育。 WAT 的独特之处在于，在优秀运动员中，它只占总体重的 3%，而在病态肥胖者中，WAT 则占总体重的 70%。随着肥胖的发展，WAT 经历组织重塑过程，其中脂肪细胞数量（增生）和大小（肥大）增加。当 WAT 通过增生和肥大生长无法跟上与慢性能量过剩相关的能量储存需求时，就会发生与肥胖相关的代谢紊乱，包括 2 型糖尿病。因此，肥大的脂肪细胞脂质负担过重，导致分泌的激素环境发生变化。无法储存在充血脂肪细胞中的脂质会异位沉积在肝脏、肌肉和胰腺等器官中。因此，WAT 重塑与肥胖和继发性代谢疾病同时发生。然而，肥胖并不是导致 WAT 重塑的唯一原因：肥胖的变化也会随着衰老、热量限制、癌症和艾滋病毒感染等疾病而发生。在本章中，我们描述了一种使用常见实验室设备定量分析 WAT 组织形态计量学的半自动化方法。利用这种技术，可以通过对每只动物少至 100 个脂肪细胞进行计数来估计整个组织库中脂肪细胞大小的频率分布以及每个库的脂肪细胞总数。为此，本文描述的方法是准确量化 WAT 发育、生长和重塑的有用工具。
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic and modifiable tissue that develops late during gestation in humans and through early postnatal development in rodents. WAT is unique in that it can account for as little as 3% of total body weight in elite athletes or as much as 70% in the morbidly obese. With the development of obesity, WAT undergoes a process of tissue remodeling in which adipocytes increase in both number (hyperplasia) and size (hypertrophy). Metabolic derangements associated with obesity, including type 2 diabetes, occur when WAT growth through hyperplasia and hypertrophy cannot keep pace with the energy storage needs associated with chronic energy excess. Accordingly, hypertrophic adipocytes become overburdened with lipids, resulting in changes in the secreted hormonal milieu. Lipids that cannot be stored in the engorged adipocytes become ectopically deposited in organs such as the liver, muscle, and pancreas. WAT remodeling therefore coincides with obesity and secondary metabolic diseases. Obesity, however, is not unique in causing WAT remodeling: changes in adiposity also occur with aging, calorie restriction, cancers, and diseases such as HIV infection. In this chapter, we describe a semiautomated method of quantitatively analyzing the histomorphometry of WAT using common laboratory equipment. With this technique, the frequency distribution of adipocyte sizes across the tissue depot and the number of total adipocytes per depot can be estimated by counting as few as 100 adipocytes per animal. In doing so, the method described herein is a useful tool for accurately quantifying WAT development, growth, and remodeling.