Living with an Active Volcano: Informal and Community Learning for Preparedness in South of Japan
Living with an Active Volcano: Informal and Community Learning for Preparedness in South of Japan
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与活火山共处：日本南部的非正式和社区备灾学习
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kaori Kitagawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaori Kitagawa
在日本这样一个灾害频发的国家，学习如何与灾害共处至关重要。特别是自2011年东日本大地震和海啸以来，防灾准备一直是政府的首要关注。借鉴佩顿的（自然灾害的凤凰：社区复原力。Nova Science Publishers，纽约，pp. 13-31，2008）社区参与理论，它赞同一个综合的模式，结合风险管理与社区发展，本研究讨论了樱岛火山（SV）位于日本南部的情况下，重点是如何从以往的喷发经验教训，告知当今的准备活动。该研究适应社区参与理论的定量框架的定性分析，考虑准备教学和学习的人口生活在SV的情况下，火山灾害的日常威胁。该研究认为，两个特殊的地方传说-“不要依赖当局”和“有效地受到惊吓”-一直是该地区火山预防的基本原则。该研究还认为，"合作伙伴关系“的概念一直是规划和实施备灾方案的核心，例如樱岛大正火山爆发百年纪念项目，该项目提供了广泛的非正式教学和学习机会。运用社区参与理论的框架，本文认为，在个人层面上，“不依赖权威”和“有效地害怕”的原则形成了积极的“结果预期”的基础。在社区层面上，“共同”是一个包含社区因素“社区参与”和“集体效能”的概念。在社会层面，“共同”有助于在公民和当局之间建立“赋权”和“信任”。本文最后提出SV的情况下，可以被认为是一个例子的“综合模型”。
In a disaster-prone country like Japan, learning how to live with disaster [kyozon] has been crucial. Particularly since the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011, disaster preparedness has been a primary concern of the government. Drawing on Paton’s (The phoenix of natural disasters: community resilience. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 13–31, 2008) Community Engagement Theory, which endorses an integrated model that combines risk management with community development, this study discusses the case of Sakurajima Volcano (SV) situated in the south of Japan, with a focus on how the lessons learnt from previous eruption experiences have informed present-day preparedness activities. The study adapts Community Engagement Theory’s quantitative framework to a qualitative analysis to consider the preparedness teaching and learning of a population living with the everyday threat of volcanic hazards in the case of SV. The study argues that two particular local lores—‘do not rely on authorities’ and ‘be frightened effectively’—have been the underlying principles in volcanic preparedness in the region. The study also argues that the notion of ‘kyojo [collaborative partnerships]’ has been central to the planning and implementation of preparedness programmes, such as the Sakurajima Taisho Eruption Centenary Project, which offered a wide range of informal teaching and learning opportunities. Applying the framework of Community Engagement Theory, the paper suggests that at the individual level, the principles of ‘do not rely on authorities’ and ‘be frightened effectively’ form the basis for positive ‘outcome expectancy’. At the community level, ‘kyojo’ is the notion which encompasses both of the community factors—‘community participation’ and ‘collective efficacy’. At the societal level, ‘kyojo’ contributes to the building of ‘empowerment’ and ‘trust’ between citizens and authorities. The paper concludes by proposing that the SV case can be considered as an example of ‘the integrated model’.