Introduction: A Conceptual Framework for Engagement with de facto States
Introduction: A Conceptual Framework for Engagement with de facto States
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简介：与事实上的国家交往的概念框架
作者：
James Ker;Eiki Berg
事实上的分离主义国家，就其本质而言，处于国际体系之外。在单方面宣布脱离其母国独立后，它们总是被阻止加入联合国，从而成为被普遍承认的国家共同体的成员。虽然采取这种惩罚性做法的理由符合当前对脱离国家的政治和法律做法，但人们也认识到，孤立可能产生有害影响。排斥事实不仅会降低他们参与在他们看来是不对称的解决过程的意愿，从而阻碍解决争端的努力，还会迫使他们与赞助国建立更密切的关系。由于这个原因，学术界和政策圈对“不承认参与”的概念越来越感兴趣。这是一种机制，它提供了与事实上的国家不同程度的互动，同时保持它们在国际体系中不被视为独立主权行为体的立场。如所示，虽然这一概念有其缺陷，但它为冲突管理开辟了新的机会。
Abstract Secessionist de facto states, by their very nature, sit outside of the international system. Having unilaterally declared independence from their parent state, they are invariably prevented from joining the United Nations, and thus taking their place as members of the community of universally recognised countries. While the reasons for such punitive approaches have a logic according to prevailing political and legal approaches to secession, it is also recognised that isolation can have harmful effects. Ostracising de facto can not only hinder efforts to resolve the dispute by reducing their willingness to engage in what they see as an asymmetrical settlement process, it can also force them into a closer relationship with a patron state. For this reason, there has been growing interest in academic and policy circles around the concept of engagement without recognition. This is a mechanism that provides for varying degrees of interaction with de facto states while maintaining the position that they are not regarded as independent sovereign actors in the international system. As is shown, while the concept has its flaws, it nevertheless opens up new opportunities for conflict management.