Nanomaterial-based bioorthogonal nanozymes for biological applications.
Nanomaterial-based bioorthogonal nanozymes for biological applications.
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DOI：
10.1039/d0cs00659a
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发表时间：
2021-12-13
影响因子：
46.2
通讯作者：
Rotello VM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fedeli S;Im J;Gopalakrishnan S;Elia JL;Gupta A;Kim D;Rotello VM
生物正交变换是使用生物过程无法访问的途径的化学反应。生物正交化学为成像和治疗策略提供了新的方法，也为基础生物学提供了工具。生物正交催化使得能够开发用于按需和原位生成药物和成像工具的生物正交“工厂”。过渡金属催化剂（TMC）由于其高效性和通用性而被广泛用作生物正交催化剂。然而，由于其有限的溶解度、在生物介质中的不稳定性和毒性，将TMC直接应用于生命系统是具有挑战性的。将TMCs掺入纳米材料支架中可用于增强水溶性，改善在生物环境中的长期稳定性并最小化细胞毒性。这些纳米材料平台可以被设计用于生物医学应用，增加细胞摄取，指导生物分布，并实现主动靶向。本文综述了将TMCs纳入纳米材料支架的策略，展示了将生物正交纳米催化剂和纳米酶推向临床的潜力和挑战。纳米材料封装生物正交催化剂，使其能够在生物环境中持续生产功能分子。
Bioorthogonal transformations are chemical reactions that use pathways which biological processes do not access. Bioorthogonal chemistry provides new approaches for imaging and therapeutic strategies, as well as tools for fundamental biology. Bioorthogonal catalysis enables the development of bioorthogonal “factories” for on-demand and in situ generation of drugs and imaging tools. Transition metal catalysts (TMCs) are widely employed as bioorthogonal catalysts due to their high efficiency and versatility. The direct application of TMCs in living systems is challenging, however, due to their limited solubility, instability in biological media and toxicity. Incorporation of TMCs into nanomaterial scaffolds can be used to enhance aqueous solubility, improve long-term stability in biological environment and minimize cytotoxicity. These nanomaterial platforms can be engineered for biomedical applications, increasing cellular uptake, directing biodistribution, and enabling active targeting. This review summarizes strategies for incorporating TMCs into nanomaterial scaffolds, demonstrating the potential and challenges of moving bioorthogonal nanocatalysts and nanozymes toward the clinic. Nanomaterials encapsulate bioorthogonal catalyst enabling their application in biological environment for sustained production of functional molecules.