Nitrogen Flow on an Organically Managed Beef Farm in Hokkaido, Japan
Nitrogen Flow on an Organically Managed Beef Farm in Hokkaido, Japan
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日本北海道有机管理牛肉农场的氮气流
DOI：
10.1080/00380768.2016.1203730
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ogasawara H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hojito M;Adachi Y;Ono Y;Ogasawara H
养分循环应能有效平衡日本畜牧业生产中的养分流动。这意味着用自产饲料取代进口饲料。北里大学的八云实验农场从2005年开始，在不使用农药或进口饲料的情况下，以“有机”管理生产商品牛肉。使用从2008年至2012年的5年中从220公顷草地和250头牛获得的数据集，我们估计了氮（N）流量。在2011年和2012年期间，我们测量了草产量，牛产量（销售），土壤参数和大气沉积（来自降水和大气氨浓度）。为了测定三叶草（白色三叶草，三叶草）的固氮作用，我们比较了草+三叶草小区和仅草小区。在此期间，220公顷草地的平均氮组分包括1952 Mg土壤氮储量，3.2 Mg N yr-1活牲畜，14.3 Mg N yr-1草生长吸收（包括三叶草固定的8.6 Mg N yr− 1），堆肥肥料中施用的15.7 Mg N yr− 1，进口垫料中施用的1.7 Mg N yr− 1，2.8 Mg N yr-1在沉积中，1.41 Mg N yr-1在肉类生产中。堆肥中的氮约占土壤氮储量的0.8%;牧草生产中的氮约占0.7%，其中三叶草的固定量占60%;氮沉降不可忽略;肉类生产中的氮输出量很小。这些结果表明，在这个有机管理的农场，土壤氮储量逐渐增加（8.6 Mg N yr−1[220 ha]−1= 39 kg N ha− 1 yr −1=土壤氮储量的0.02%），氮输出量很小。我们的研究结果表明，这是可能的，平衡的N输入与N输出的肉牛企业，而不需要饲料或肥料的进口。
Nutrient recycling should be effective at balancing nutrient flows in Japanese animal production. This means replacing imported feed with self-produced feed. The Yakumo Experimental Farm of Kitasato University has produced commercial beef under ‘organic’ management, without the use of agricultural chemicals or imported feed, since 2005. Using a data set obtained from 220 ha of grassland and 250 head of cattle over the 5 years from 2008 to 2012, we estimated nitrogen (N) flow. During 2011 and 2012, we measured grass production, cattle production (selling out), soil parameters and atmospheric deposition (from precipitation and atmospheric ammonia concentrations). To determine N fixation by clover (white clover,Trifolium repensL.), we compared grass + clover plots with grass-only plots. Averaged over the period, N components on the 220 ha of grassland comprised 1952 Mg soil N stock, 3.2 Mg N yr−1in living livestock, 14.3 Mg N yr−1uptake by grass growth (including 8.6 Mg yr−1of N fixed by clover), 15.7 Mg N yr−1applied in composted manure, 1.7 Mg N yr−1in imported bedding material, 2.8 Mg N yr−1in deposition and 1.41 Mg N yr−1in meat production. N in composted manure equaled about 0.8% of the huge soil N stock; N in grass production equaled about 0.7%, of which clover fixation supplied 60%; N deposition was not negligible; and N export by meat production was minor. These results show that on this organically managed farm, soil N stock increased gradually (by 8.6 Mg N yr−1[220 ha]−1= 39 kg N ha−1yr−1= 0.02% of the soil N stock) and N export was small. Our findings show that it is possible to balance N inputs with N outputs in a beef cattle enterprise without the need for feed or fertilizer imports.