Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
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DOI：
10.1109/83.650120
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Shamoon, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox, IJ;Kilian, J;Shamoon, T
本文提出了一种安全的（抗篡改的）图像水印算法，并提出了一种可推广到音频、视频和多媒体数据的数字水印方法。高斯随机向量以类似扩频的方式被不可察觉地插入到数据的感知上最重要的频谱分量中，我们认为在这种制度下插入水印使得水印对信号处理操作（例如有损压缩、滤波、数模和模数转换、重新量化等）具有鲁棒性，和常见的几何变换（例如裁剪、缩放、平移和旋转），只要原始图像可用并且它可以成功地相对于变换的水印图像进行注册。在这些情况下，水印检测器明确地标识所有者。此外，高斯噪声的使用确保了对多文档或共谋攻击的强大恢复力。实验结果提供支持这些索赔，沿着与悬而未决的开放问题的博览会。
This paper presents a secure (tamper-resistant) algorithm for watermarking images, and a methodology for digital watermarking that may be generalized to audio, video, and multimedia data, We advocate that a watermark should be constructed as an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian random vector that is imperceptibly inserted in a spread-spectrum-like fashion into the perceptually most significant spectral components of the data, We argue that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations (such as lossy compression, filtering, digital-analog and analog-digital conversion, requantization, etc.), and common geometric transformations (such as cropping, scaling, translation, and rotation) provided that the original image is available and that it can be succesfully registered against the transformed watermarked image, In these cases, the watermark detector unambiguously identifies the owner, Further, the use of Gaussian noise, ensures strong resilience to multiple-document, or collusional, attacks. Experimental results are provided to support these claims, along with an exposition of pending open problems.