Maternal Nutrient Restriction and Skeletal Muscle Development: Consequences for Postnatal Health.
Maternal Nutrient Restriction and Skeletal Muscle Development: Consequences for Postnatal Health.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_9
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Sandoval;Guoyao Wu;Stephen B Smith;K. Dunlap;M. Satterfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Sandoval;Guoyao Wu;Stephen B Smith;K. Dunlap;M. Satterfield
严重营养不良和饥荒仍然是一个全球关注的问题，因为在过去5年中病例一直在增加，特别是在发展中国家。妊娠期营养限制（NR）的发生影响胎儿生长，导致胎龄小（SGA）或宫内生长受限（IUGR）子代。成年后，SGA和IUGR后代发生代谢综合征的风险更高。骨骼肌对产前NR特别敏感。骨骼肌在氧化和葡萄糖代谢中起着至关重要的作用，因为大约80%的胰岛素介导的葡萄糖摄取发生在肌肉中，肌肉约占体重的40%。肌纤维数量、肥厚和肌纤维类型组成的改变、蛋白质合成的减少、线粒体含量和氧化酶活性的降低以及肌内甘油三酯积累的增加都是母体NR对骨骼肌的编程效应。总之，这些特征会增加一种易患胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、肥胖和代谢综合征的表型。来自不同动物模型（即羊、猪和啮齿动物）的见解为这些改变的发育途径背后的分子机制提供了有价值的信息。了解这些分子特征有助于开发有效的治疗方法，以抵消产妇NR对骨骼肌的影响及其对产后健康的负面影响。
Severe undernutrition and famine continue to be a worldwide concern, as cases have been increasing in the past 5 years, particularly in developing countries. The occurrence of nutrient restriction (NR) during pregnancy affects fetal growth, leading to small for gestational age (SGA) or intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) offspring. During adulthood, SGA and IUGR offspring are at a higher risk for the development of metabolic syndrome. Skeletal muscle is particularly sensitive to prenatal NR. This tissue plays an essential role in oxidation and glucose metabolism because roughly 80% of insulin-mediated glucose uptake occurs in muscle, and it represents around 40% of body weight. Alterations in myofiber number, hypertrophy and myofiber type composition, decreased protein synthesis, lower mitochondrial content and activity of oxidative enzymes, and increased accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides are among the described programming effects of maternal NR on skeletal muscle. Together, these features would add to a phenotype that is prone to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Insights from diverse animal models (i.e. ovine, swine, and rodent) have provided valuable information regarding the molecular mechanisms behind those altered developmental pathways. Understanding those molecular signatures supports the development of efficient treatments to counteract the effects of maternal NR on skeletal muscle, and its negative implications for postnatal health.