Detection and characterization of novel luchacoviruses, genus Alphacoronavirus, in saliva and feces of meso-carnivores in the northeastern United States.
Detection and characterization of novel luchacoviruses, genus Alphacoronavirus, in saliva and feces of meso-carnivores in the northeastern United States.
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.00829-23
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发表时间：
2023-11-30
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
中小型肉食性动物或中型肉食性动物由一群不同的哺乳动物组成，其中许多能够适应人类活动干扰的环境。生活在城市地区的野生中型食肉动物可能接触到其他物种或将病原体传播给其他物种，包括流浪/野生家养动物。几种冠状病毒(CoV)已经在驯养和养殖的中食肉动物中被检测到，但对在自由活动的野生中食肉动物中传播的CoV的了解仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们分析了2016至2022年间从美国东北部9种自由放养的野生中食动物和流浪/野生家猫中收集的321个样本。使用泛冠状病毒聚合酶链式反应，我们对组织、粪便、唾液、鼻腔和直肠拭子进行了筛选。我们在四种动物的粪便和唾液样本中检测到冠状病毒RNA：花鱼(Pekania Pennanti)、山猫(Lynx Rufus)、红狐(Vulpe Uspes)和家猫(Felis Catus)。下一代测序显示，所有这些病毒都属于卢卡科病毒亚属(AlphacoronaVirus)，以前只在啮齿动物和泻形动物(即兔子)中报道过。基因组3‘端(~12,000bp)的遗传比较表明，虽然检测到的病毒与其他路卡病毒同组，并具有类似的遗传组织，但它们在基因上与啮齿动物和泻形动物的不同。对Spike蛋白的基因特征分析表明，中食肉食性路卡病毒不具有S1/S2裂解基序，但具有高度可变的结构环，其中包含与某些致病冠状病毒相似的裂解基序。这项研究强调了确定野生物种冠状病毒刺突蛋白的特征对于进一步有针对性的流行病学监测的重要性。几种冠状病毒(CoV)已经在驯养的、养殖的和野生的中食肉动物中被检测到，引起了广泛的疾病并感染了不同的物种，突显了它们在这些病毒的流行病学中的重要但未被研究的作用。评估寄生在野生动物物种中的病毒多样性对于了解它们在冠状病毒跨物种传播中的意义至关重要。我们在这里的重点是在美国东北部的中型肉食性动物中发现冠状病毒，作为一个潜在的人类和城市野生动物密度高的“热点”地区。这项研究确定了在该地区多种野生和家养物种中传播的新的甲冠状病毒，并基于与病毒-宿主相互作用相关的Spike基因区域来探索它们潜在的流行病学意义。
Small- to mid-sized carnivores or meso-carnivores comprise a group of diverse mammals, many of which can adapt to anthropogenically disturbed environments. Wild meso-carnivores living in urban areas may get exposed to or spread pathogens to other species, including stray/feral domestic animals. Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been detected in domesticated and farmed meso-carnivores, but knowledge of CoVs circulating in free-ranging wild meso-carnivores remains limited. In this study, we analyzed 321 samples collected between 2016 and 2022 from 9 species of free-ranging wild meso-carnivores and stray/feral domestic cats in the northeastern United States. Using a pan-CoV PCR, we screened tissues; feces; and saliva, nasal, and rectal swabs. We detected CoV RNA in fecal and saliva samples of animals in four species: fisher (Pekania pennanti), bobcat (Lynx rufus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat (Felis catus). Next-generation sequencing revealed that all these viruses belonged to the Luchacovirus subgenus (Alphacoronavirus genus), previously reported only in rodents and lagomorphs (i.e., rabbits). Genetic comparison of the 3′-end of the genome (~12,000 bp) revealed that, although the viruses detected group with and have a genetic organization similar to other luchacoviruses, they are genetically distinct from those in rodents and lagomorphs. Genetic characterization of the spike protein revealed that the meso-carnivore luchacoviruses do not have an S1/S2 cleavage motif but do have highly variable structural loops containing cleavage motifs similar to those identified in certain pathogenic CoVs. This study highlights the importance of characterizing the spike protein of CoVs in wild species for further targeted epidemiologic monitoring. Several coronaviruses (CoVs) have been detected in domesticated, farmed, and wild meso-carnivores, causing a wide range of diseases and infecting diverse species, highlighting their important but understudied role in the epidemiology of these viruses. Assessing the viral diversity hosted in wildlife species is essential to understand their significance in the cross-species transmission of CoVs. Our focus here was on CoV discovery in meso-carnivores in the Northeast United States as a potential “hotspot” area with high density of humans and urban wildlife. This study identifies novel alphacoronaviruses circulating in multiple free-ranging wild and domestic species in this area and explores their potential epidemiological importance based on regions of the Spike gene, which are relevant for virus-host interactions.
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