The changing geography of social mobility in the United States
The changing geography of social mobility in the United States
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2010222117
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发表时间：
2020-12-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Storper, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connor, Dylan Shane;Storper, Michael
新的证据表明，代际社会流动性--出生贫困的孩子在收入阶梯上攀升的速度--在美国各地差别很大。当前的机遇是新的，还是反映了长期趋势的延续？我们通过构建20世纪美国各地区社会流动性的水平和决定因素的数据来回答这个问题。我们发现，创造机会的经济活动不断变化的地理位置重塑了代际流动的格局，但与特定地区结构相关的人际和种族不平等因素具有“深层次”，会产生持久性。这一点在中西部的社会流动性急剧下降中可见一斑，因为经济活动已经远离中西部，而南部的机会水平一直很低，尽管经济活动已经转向中西部。我们的结论是，社会流动性的长期地理位置可以通过深层次的根源和不断变化的地方经济命运来理解。
New evidence shows that intergenerational social mobility-the rate at which children born into poverty climb the income ladder- varies considerably across the United States. Is this current geography of opportunity something new or does it reflect a continuation of long-term trends? We answer this question by constructing data on the levels and determinants of social mobility across American regions over the 20th century. We find that the changing geography of opportunity-generating economic activity restructures the landscape of intergenerational mobility, but factors associated with specific regional structures of interpersonal and racial inequality that have "deep roots" generate persistence. This is evident in the sharp decline in social mobility in the Midwest as economic activity has shifted away from it and the consistently low levels of opportunity in the South even as economic activity has shifted toward it. We conclude that the long-term geography of social mobility can be understood through the deep roots and changing economic fortunes of places.