The Geology of Fluvial Deposits
The Geology of Fluvial Deposits
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-03237-4
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Miall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Miall
河流沉积物代表了一种主要的非海洋环境的保存记录。它们聚集在大大小小的山间山谷中，在主干河流的宽阔山谷中，在隆起区侧翼冲积扇的楔形中，在冰川融化前的冰水沉积平原中，以及在沿海平原中。冲积物组合的性质--它们的岩相组成、垂直地层记录和结构--反映了许多过程的相互作用，从单个河道在洪泛平原上的游荡，到隆起和沉降的长期影响。河流沉积物是构造过程的敏感指标，也携带着沉积时气候的微妙特征。它们是许多石油和矿藏的所在地。这本书是关于所有这些主题的。本书的第一部分，在历史介绍之后，逐步构建了河流沉积的地层框架，从岩相开始，将这些结合成建筑元素和其他相组合，然后展示这些如何反过来，联合收割机结合以代表独特的河流风格。接下来，讨论了对比和建立大规模地层格架的问题。这些盆地规模的构造构成了讨论成因和过程的基础，包括河道移动和旋回性的自生过程，以及更大的异源（构造、海平面和气候）沉积控制问题，以及我们关于非海相层序地层学思想的发展。
Fluvial deposits represent the preserved record of one of the major nonmarine environ ments. They accumulate in large and small intermontane valleys, in the broad valleys of trunk rivers, in the wedges of alluvial fans flanking areas of uplift, in the outwash plains fronting melting glaciers, and in coastal plains. The nature of alluvial assemblages-their lithofacies composition, vertical stratigraphic record, and architecture-reflect an inter play of many processes, from the wandering of individual channels across a floodplain, to the long-term effects of uplift and subsidence. Fluvial deposits are a sensitive indicator of tectonic processes, and also carry subtle signatures of the climate at the time of deposition. They are the hosts for many petroleum and mineral deposits. This book is about all these subjects. The first part of the book, following a historical introduction, constructs the strati graphic framework of fluvial deposits, step by step, starting with lithofacies, combining these into architectural elements and other facies associations, and then showing how these, in turn, combine to represent distinctive fluvial styles. Next, the discussion turns to problems of correlation and the building of large-scale stratigraphic frameworks. These basin-scale constructions form the basis for a discussion of causes and processes, including autogenic processes of channel shifting and cyclicity, and the larger questions of allogenic (tectonic, eustatic, and climatic) sedimentary controls and the development of our ideas about nonmarine sequence stratigraphy.