Making Young Voters: Converting Civic Attitudes into Civic Action
Making Young Voters: Converting Civic Attitudes into Civic Action
复制标题
培养年轻选民：将公民态度转化为公民行动
DOI：
10.1093/poq/nfab016
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Enrijeta Shino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Enrijeta Shino
在《让年轻选民投票》一书中，霍尔拜因和希利格斯重新审视了政治参与文献中的一个基本问题：为什么这么多有政治动机的年轻人没有参加选举？与以往的文献不同，霍尔拜因和希利格斯认为政治动机是刺激参与的必要条件，但不是充分条件。他们挑战了广泛使用的理论，即年轻选民不投票是因为他们缺乏政治动机;相反，他们认为“非认知技能是投票率拼图中缺失的一块”（第2页）。他们的书分为两部分。第一部分确立了非认知技能的重要性，他们在政治学研究不足。第二部分提出了如何通过教育制度和选举改革来“培养”和“训练”年轻选民参与选举的政策建议。Holbein和Hillygus认为，年轻选民的投票意愿和投票行为之间存在差距。年轻的合格选民报告说，他们有很高的投票意愿，但他们没有坚持到底。作者认为（第14页），“许多人没有投票，不是因为他们缺乏技能和策略，这将有助于他们贯彻自己的行为意图。”然而，他们认为（第15页）“那些最有能力克服投票的个人和背景成本的人是那些具有强大的非认知技能的人自我调节，努力和人际互动的能力。”最重要的是，作者并没有把年轻选民视为孤立的行动者，他们的政治行为仅仅受到他们参与意愿的约束，而是将他们置于更广阔的视角，评估年轻选民的政治行为如何受到选举制度设计的约束。作为第一次投票者的成本在开始是很高的，如果不实施能够使投票更容易的选举改革，这一障碍只会变得更高。第2章总结了不同的经典投票率理论，并强调了本书如何填补了我们对青年投票率理解的空白。Holbein和Hillygus认为（第33页）“投票的行为需要最低限度的认知能力和参与的愿望，但它也需要毅力，毅力，能量和耐心才能真正进入投票箱。”要参与选举，个人需要政治动机，但也需要拥有一套非政治和非认知技能，如自我调节，努力和人际交往。为了更好地了解年轻选民在投票过程中面临的一些成本和障碍，
In Making Young Voters, Holbein and Hillygus revisit one of the foundational questions in the political participation literature: Why do so many politically motivated young people fail to participate in elections? Differing from previous literature, Holbein and Hillygus argue that political motivation is a necessary but not sufficient condition to stimulate participation. They challenge the widely used theory that young voters do not vote because they lack political motivation; instead, they argue that “noncognitive skills are a missing piece of the turnout puzzle”(p. 2). Their book is divided into two parts. The first part establishes that noncognitive skills matter and they are understudied in political science. The second part offers policy recommendations on how to “raise” and “train” young voters to participate in elections through the education system and electoral reforms.Holbein and Hillygus argue that there is a gap between turnout intentions and turnout behavior of young voters. Young eligible voters report high level of intention to vote, but they fail to follow through. The authors argue (p. 14) that “many people fail to vote not because they lack the skills and strategies that would help them follow through on their behavioral intentions.” However, they contend (p. 15) that “those best equipped to overcome the personal and contextual costs of voting are those with strong noncognitive skills–capabilities to self-regulation, effortfulness, and interpersonal interaction.” Most importantly, the authors treat young voters not as solitary actors, whose political behavior is solely constrained by their will to participate, but rather place them into a broader perspective, evaluating how young voters’ political behavior is bounded by electoral institutional design. The costs of being a first-time voter are high to begin, and this obstacle only becomes higher if electoral reforms that can make voting easier are not implemented. Chapter 2 summarizes different classical theories of voter turnout and highlights how this book fills a void in our understanding of youth voter turnout. Holbein and Hillygus argue that (p. 33)“the act of voting requires minimal cognitive abilities and a desire to participate but it can also require persistence, fortitude, energy, and patience to actually make it to the ballot box.” To participate in elections, individuals need political motivation but also need to possess a set of nonpolitical and noncognitive skills, such as self-regulation, effortfulness, and interpersonal interactions. To better understand some of the costs and barriers that young voters face when navigating the voting process,