Male, But Not Female, Alcohol-Dependent African Americans Discount Delayed Gains More Steeply than Propensity-Score Matched Controls
Male, But Not Female, Alcohol-Dependent African Americans Discount Delayed Gains More Steeply than Propensity-Score Matched Controls
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-015-4076-x
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Grucza, Richard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Myerson, Joel;Green, Leonard;Grucza, Richard A.
已知酒精依赖与延迟奖励的急剧折扣有关，但其与延迟损失和概率奖励的折扣的关系尚不清楚。此外，酒精消费模式在不同社区之间差异很大，但以前的研究没有研究低收入非洲裔美国人的折扣和酒精依赖之间的关系。本研究的目的是确定低收入，酒精依赖的非洲裔美国人是否与对照组在折扣延迟奖励，延迟损失或概率奖励的程度上存在差异。非洲裔美国人参与者，病例组和对照组都是从同一个低收入社区招募的，倾向分数匹配被用来进一步控制人口统计学差异。参与者完成了三项任务，评估他们对假设的货币结果的贴现：延迟奖励，延迟损失和概率奖励。酒精依赖的情况下，延迟收益，但不延迟损失或概率收益，比他们匹配的控制更陡峭。延迟增益折扣的差异局限于男性病例，其折扣比男性对照组或女性病例更陡峭;在男性和女性对照组之间没有观察到性别差异。目前的结果将关于物质滥用者折扣的发现扩展到以前未研究的组，低收入的非洲裔美国人，并表明至少在这一组中，酒精依赖，特别是在男性中，可能更多地反映了选择即时奖励，而不是忽视其延迟的负面后果。
Alcohol dependence is known to be associated with steep discounting of delayed rewards, but its relation to the discounting of delayed losses and probabilistic rewards is unclear. Moreover, patterns of alcohol consumption vary considerably between communities, but previous research has not examined the relation between discounting and alcohol dependence in low-income African Americans.The goal of the present study was to determine whether low-income, alcohol-dependent African Americans differ from controls in the degree to which they discount delayed rewards, delayed losses, or probabilistic rewards.African-American participants, both cases and controls, were recruited from the same low-income neighborhoods, and propensity-score matching was used to further control for demographic differences. Participants performed three tasks that assessed their discounting of hypothetical monetary outcomes: delayed rewards, delayed losses, and probabilistic rewards.Alcohol-dependent cases discounted delayed gains, but not delayed losses or probabilistic gains, more steeply than their matched controls. The difference in discounting of delayed gains was localized to the male cases, whose discounting was steeper than either the male controls or the female cases; no gender difference was observed between male and female controls.The present results extend findings regarding discounting by substance abusers to a previously unstudied group, low-income African Americans, and suggest that in this group at least, alcohol dependence, particularly in males, may be more a reflection of choosing immediate rewards than of ignoring their delayed negative consequences.