Yield, water and nitrogen-use response of rice to zeolite and nitrogen fertilization in a semi-arid environment
Yield, water and nitrogen-use response of rice to zeolite and nitrogen fertilization in a semi-arid environment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2010.07.013
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发表时间：
2010-12
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
A. Sepaskhah;M. Barzegar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Sepaskhah;M. Barzegar
缺水和土壤氮素流失是半干旱地区农业生产特别是水稻生产的重要限制因素。在低地水稻生产系统中，使用沸石（Z）作为土壤改良剂，可以有效地抑制近表层土壤的水氮。研究了2004年和2005年在粉质粘土上施用天然沸石（斜发沸石）和氮肥对水稻产量、产量构成因素、土壤氮素、水分利用和水分生产率的影响。沸石仅在第一年应用。为了研究沸石对研究目标的长期和持续影响，第二年不施用沸石，研究在与第一年相同的土地上进行。2004年，沸石和氮肥的施用量分别为0、2、4和8 tha-1和0、20、40和80 kgha-1。在2005年，每个小区接收到与2004年相同的N量。因此，在降低施氮量的同时，应增加施氮量以提高产量。施氮量为80 kgha-1、施氮量为4tha-1时籽粒产量最高。氮肥施用量和氮素在土壤中的滞留量增加，降低了空粒率，提高了千粒重，是玉米产量提高的主要原因。施氮和施锌均提高了籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素利用率。在施氮量为8 tha-1、施氮量为80 kgha-1或更高时，氮素在土壤中的滞留量更高，因此，氮素利用效率（NUE）和氮素利用效率（NRE）均得到提高。然而，这对NUE来说并不满意。此外，还发现在较高的施氮量下，需要较低的施氮量才能有效地保持土壤中残留的矿质氮。此外，在施氮量为80 kgha-1或更高时，施Z增加了土壤持水能力，导致季节性用水减少和水分生产率提高。综合来看，施氮对土壤氮素的保持效果在第二年也是有效的。
Water scarcity and soil nitrogen (N) loss are important limitations for agricultural production in semi-arid region especially for rice production. Zeolite (Z) as a soil conditioner can be used to retrain water and nitrogen in near-surface soil layer in lowland rice production system. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different application rates of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) and nitrogen on rice yield, yield components, soil nitrogen, water use, water productivity in a silty clay soil in 2004 and 2005. Zeolite was only applied in the first year. In order to study the long-term and continuous effect of zeolite on the objectives of the study, no zeolite was applied in the second year and the study was conducted on the same land as the first year. Zeolite and N were applied at rates of 0, 2, 4, and 8tha−1and 0, 20, 40, and 80kgha−1, respectively in 2004. In 2005, each plot received the same amount of N as received in 2004. It is concluded that by decreasing N application rates, higher Z application rate is needed to improve grain yield. Highest grain yield was obtained at N application rate of 80kgha−1and Z application rate of 4tha−1. Higher grain yield was mostly attributed to lower unfilled grain percentage and higher 1000-grain weight that were a result of higher N application rate and N retention in soil due to Z application. Nitrogen and Z applications resulted in higher grain protein contents and nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE). Based on these results and due to higher N retention in soil under Z application, improved grain yield quality, nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE), and nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) could be obtained at Z application rate of 8tha−1and N application rate of 80kgha−1or more. However, this was not satisfied for NUE. Moreover, it is found that at higher N application rates lower Z application rates are needed to effectively retain soil residual mineral nitrogen. Furthermore, at N application rates of 80kgha−1or more, Z application increased soil water retention and resulted in lower seasonal water use and higher water productivity. In general, it was concluded that the effect of Z application in retaining soil N was also effective in the second year.