Social Feedback and the Emergence of Leaders and Followers
Social Feedback and the Emergence of Leaders and Followers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.051
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发表时间：
2009-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Manica, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harcourt, Jennifer L.;Ang, Tzo Zen;Manica, Andrea
在许多动物群体中，某些个体总是出现在协调运动的最前沿[1-4]。这些领导者是如何产生的，我们对此知之甚少[5，6]。在这里，我们表明，在对刺鱼，Gasterosteus aculeatus，领导力来自个体差异的方式，鱼回应他们的合作伙伴的运动。首先，我们确定了个体为了寻找食物而离开掩护的倾向不同，我们随机配对了不同大胆的鱼，我们使用马尔可夫链模型来推断它们联合行为背后的个体规则。成对的两条鱼会对彼此的动作做出反应如果另一条鱼已经出来了，它们就更有可能离开掩护，如果另一条鱼已经回来了，它们就更有可能回来。然而，我们发现，大胆的人表现出更大的主动性，对伴侣的反应更少，而害羞的人表现出更少的主动性，但更忠实地跟随伴侣;他们也作为追随者，在大胆的伴侣身上引起更大的领导倾向。我们的结论是，在这种情况下，领导力得到了积极的社会反馈的加强。
In many animal groups, certain individuals consistently appear at the forefront of coordinated movements [1-4]. How such leaders emerge is poorly understood [5, 6]. Here, we show that in pairs of sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, leadership arises from individual differences in the way that fish respond to their partner's movements. Having first established that individuals differed in their propensity to leave cover in order to look for food, we randomly paired fish of varying boldness, and we used a Markov Chain model to infer the individual rules underlying their joint behavior. Both fish in a pair responded to each other's movements-each was more likely to leave cover if the other was already out and to return if the other had already returned. However, we found that bolder individuals displayed greater initiative and were less responsive to their partners, whereas shyer individuals displayed less initiative but followed their partners more faithfully; they also, as followers, elicited greater leadership tendencies in their bold partners. We conclude that leadership in this case is reinforced by positive social feedback.