The Supraorbital Torus: "A Most Remarkable Peculiarity" [and Comments and Replies]
The Supraorbital Torus: "A Most Remarkable Peculiarity" [and Comments and Replies]
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眶上环面：“最显着的奇特之处”[以及评论和回复]
DOI：
10.1086/203279
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
S. Živanović
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. D. Russell;T. Brown;S. Garn;Fakhry Giris;S. Turkel;M. Işcan;O. Oyen;B. Jacobshagen;M. Pietrusewsky;G. Rightmire;F. Smith;C. G. Turner;S. Živanović
眶上隆凸仅见于灵长目的某些属。因为没有重要的肌肉直接附着在它上面，所以它被认为是无功能的。然而，体外应变仪实验表明，当前牙加载，眶上区作为一个弯曲的梁，由咀嚼肌的力量向下拉在每一端和向上推中央咬合力。临床和实验数据表明，响应于反复的动态弯曲应力，适应性细胞活动重建骨骼材料，直到弯曲应力被中和。考虑到这些事实，假设眶上发育是，在某种程度上，一个可预测的个体发育反应，在体内弯曲应力集中在眼睛在前牙加载的生物力学模型进行了测试。梁模型指出，眶上弯曲是前额的面积惯性矩（相对于咬合力的方向）和弯矩的函数。当这个模型进行了测试，一系列的澳大利亚土著颅骨，显着的关系被发现browridge发展和措施的额头面积的时刻和弯矩。得出的结论是，环面的功能，以抵抗弯曲应力集中在眼睛在前咬，其发展是成正比的量，这种应力不能抵抗由未装饰的额骨。
The supraorbital torus is found only in some genera of the primate order. Because no muscles of consequence attach directly to it, it has been considered nonfunctional. However, invitro strain-gauge experiments demonstrate that when the anterior teeth are loaded, the supraorbital region acts as a bent beam, pulled downward on each end by masticatory muscle forces and pushed upward centrally by bite force. Clinical and experimental data indicate that in response to repeated dynamic bending stress, adaptive cellular activity reconstructs skeletal material until bending stresses are neutralized. With these facts in mind, the hypothesis that supraorbital development is, in part, a predictable ontogenetic response to in-vivo bending stresses which concentrate over the eyes during anterior tooth loading was tested by means of a biomechanical model. The bent-beam model states that supraorbital bending is a function of the area moment of inertia of the forehead (relative to the direction of the bite force) and of the bending moment. When this model was tested on a series of Australian Aboriginal crania, significant relationships were found between browridge development and measures of forehead area moment and bending moment. It was concluded that the torus functions to resist bending stress concentrated over the eyes during anterior biting and that its development is proportional to the amount of such stress which cannot be resisted by the unadorned frontal bone.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
HYLANDER, WL
通讯作者：
HYLANDER, WL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Roberts We;Goodwin Wc;Heiner
通讯作者：
Roberts We;Goodwin Wc;Heiner