Cerebro-cerebellar circuits in autism spectrum disorder.
Cerebro-cerebellar circuits in autism spectrum disorder.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2015.00408
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Stoodley CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Mello AM;Stoodley CJ
小脑是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中最一致的异常部位之一，小脑损伤与ASD症状的风险增加相关，表明小脑功能障碍可能在ASD的病因学中起着至关重要的作用。小脑与大脑皮层区域形成多个闭环回路，支持运动，语言和社会处理。通过这些回路，小脑功能障碍可能会影响社交和沟通缺陷以及重复和刻板行为的核心ASD症状。新兴的感觉运动，认知和情感亚区在小脑的地形图提供了一个新的框架，解释区域小脑发现ASD的意义和它们之间的关系，以更广泛的小脑-小脑电路。此外，最近的研究支持这样一种观点，即小脑-小脑环的完整性可能对早期皮质发育很重要; ASD中特定小脑-小脑环的中断可能会阻碍参与运动控制、语言和社会互动的皮质区域的专门化，导致这些领域的损伤。与这一概念相一致，小脑感觉运动区和感觉运动区-小脑回路的结构和功能差异与ASD中运动控制缺陷和重复和刻板行为增加相关。此外，沟通和社交障碍与支撑语言和社会认知的小脑-小脑环的非典型激活和结构有关。最后，从结构、功能和连接性神经影像学研究中获得的证据表明，小脑右侧脚I/II异常与所有领域的更严重ASD损伤相关。我们认为，小脑异常可能会破坏ASD中特定小脑-小脑回路的结构和功能优化。
The cerebellum is one of the most consistent sites of abnormality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebellar damage is associated with an increased risk of ASD symptoms, suggesting that cerebellar dysfunction may play a crucial role in the etiology of ASD. The cerebellum forms multiple closed-loop circuits with cerebral cortical regions that underpin movement, language, and social processing. Through these circuits, cerebellar dysfunction could impact the core ASD symptoms of social and communication deficits and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. The emerging topography of sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective subregions in the cerebellum provides a new framework for interpreting the significance of regional cerebellar findings in ASD and their relationship to broader cerebro-cerebellar circuits. Further, recent research supports the idea that the integrity of cerebro-cerebellar loops might be important for early cortical development; disruptions in specific cerebro-cerebellar loops in ASD might impede the specialization of cortical regions involved in motor control, language, and social interaction, leading to impairments in these domains. Consistent with this concept, structural, and functional differences in sensorimotor regions of the cerebellum and sensorimotor cerebro-cerebellar circuits are associated with deficits in motor control and increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors in ASD. Further, communication and social impairments are associated with atypical activation and structure in cerebro-cerebellar loops underpinning language and social cognition. Finally, there is converging evidence from structural, functional, and connectivity neuroimaging studies that cerebellar right Crus I/II abnormalities are related to more severe ASD impairments in all domains. We propose that cerebellar abnormalities may disrupt optimization of both structure and function in specific cerebro-cerebellar circuits in ASD.