Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions?
Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions?
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罗马尼亚和波兰的最新净化计划：支持还是破坏民主转型？
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Horne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Horne
2006年，波兰和罗马尼亚开始实施新的净化计划。这些后期的净化政策扩大了与净化作为过渡司法形式的一种形式相关的范围和透明度措施。早期的清洗措施针对的是政治精英，而晚期的清洗政策则包括公共和私营部门的职位，例如记者、学者、商界领袖和其他“公众信任的职位”。考虑到与清净相关的法律争议和道德复杂性，为什么在后共产主义转型中如此晚才进行清净以及为什么要扩大政策范围？主流的解释是，净化是政党政治的工具，是对民主巩固的威胁。然而，后期的净化计划并不完全符合这一假设。新法律经过重组并与其他改革计划（特别是反腐败计划）结合在一起。后期的净化已发展到包括经济和社会以及政治问题。因此，中欧和东欧的一些后共产主义政府似乎试图利用净化作为进一步民主转型的一种方式，解决公众对腐败、不信任和不平等的担忧。
In 2006, Poland and Romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes. These late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice. While early lustration measures targeted political elites, late lustration policies include public and private sector positions, such as journalists, academics, business leaders, and others in ‘positions of public trust’. Given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding lustration, why lustrate so late in the post-communist transition and why expand the policies? The dominant explanation is that lustration is a tool of party politics and is a threat to democratic consolidation. However, the late lustration programmes do not fit this hypothesis neatly. The new laws have been restructured and packaged with other reform programmes, specifically anticorruption programmes. Late lustration has evolved to include economic and social, as well as political concerns. As such, some post-communist governments in Central and Eastern Europe appear to be trying to use lustration as a way to further the democratic transitions by addressing remaining public concerns about corruption, distrust, and inequality.