Water Elemental Composition and Toxicity in Kazakhstan’s Transboundary Rivers
Water Elemental Composition and Toxicity in Kazakhstan’s Transboundary Rivers
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哈萨克斯坦跨境河流的水元素组成和毒性
DOI：
10.29258/cajwr/2023-r1.v9-1/19-32.eng
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Bychenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Severinenko;V. Solodukhin;S. Lennik;G. Kabirova;D. Zheltov;A. Bychenko
文章介绍了哈萨克斯坦跨界河流（沙干河、乌拉尔河、伊莱克河、托博尔河、阿亚特河、额尔齐斯河、埃梅尔河、伊犁河、特克斯河、舒河、卡拉巴尔塔河、 Talas 和 Syr Darya）于 2020 年进行。有毒元素浓度与背景水平（克拉克[e]数）和最大允许浓度（MPC）进行比较，随后计算总毒性指数（KHL）。研究表明，几乎所有被调查的河流都受到污染，其中铀和锂是造成地表水毒性的最大因素。哈萨克斯坦南部和东南部的河流，即卡拉巴尔塔河、锡尔河和舒河，被发现暴露程度最高。例如，卡拉巴尔塔河水的KHL超出允许阈值5.9倍以上。最低的 KHL 值 (<1) 对应于耶尔蒂斯河和伊勒河。该研究使识别流入哈萨克斯坦境内的跨境水体的毒性成为可能，并为进一步调查以确定污染源提供了基础。
The article describes the monitoring results of the content of chemical elements (As, Cr, B, Ba, Li, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sr, U, and Cr) in the water of transboundary rivers of Kazakhstan (Shagan, Ural (kaz. Zhayik), Ilek, Tobol, Ayat, Irtysh (kaz. Yertys), Emel, Ili (kaz. Ile), Tekes, Shu, Kara-Balta, Talas, and Syr Darya) conducted in 2020. The toxic element concentrations underwent comparison with background levels (Clark[e] numbers) and maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), with sub-sequent calculation of the total toxicity index (KHL). The study showed that practically all the inves-tigated rivers were subject to contamination, with uranium and lithium as the greatest contributors to surface water toxicity. The rivers in Southern and South-Eastern Kazakhstan – namely, the Kara-Balta, Syr Darya and Shu – were found to be most exposed. For instance, the KHL of the Kara-Balta River water exceeded the permissible threshold by over 5.9 times. The lowest KHL value (<1) corre-sponded to the Yertys and Ile Rivers. The research made it possible to identify the toxicity of trans-boundary waters flowing into the territory of Kazakhstan, as well as provided basis for further in-vestigation to identify pollution sources.