Groundwater Depletion Embedded in Domestic Transfers and International Exports of the United States
Groundwater Depletion Embedded in Domestic Transfers and International Exports of the United States
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DOI：
10.1029/2019wr024986
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wada, Yoshihide
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gumidyala, Sajani;Ruess, Paul J.;Wada, Yoshihide
美国通过生产和出口农产品在全球粮食安全方面发挥着关键作用。地下水灌溉在农业生产中越来越重要，自1950年有记录以来已增加近两倍。对地下水的日益依赖和长期不可持续地抽取含水层，导致许多地区的地下水枯竭。在这项研究中，我们问：美国国内转让和国际农业出口中有多少地下水枯竭？国内和国际农业商品流量在多大程度上依赖于不可持续的地下水使用？为了解决这些问题，我们量化了不可再生地下水的数量，这些地下水被纳入了美国生产的农产品中，并在国内和国际上转移。我们发现，26.3 km（3）的不可再生地下水在2002年被转移到国内，2.7 km（3）被送往国外。2012年，国内转让34.8公里（3），出口3.7公里（3）。这表明国内转让增加32%，国际出口增加38%。2002年，我们发现1，491，126 kt（3，400亿美元）依赖不可再生地下水的农产品在国内转移，而119，048 kt（470亿美元）出口。2012年，依赖不可持续地下水的农产品的质量转移有所减少，但其在国家和国际供应链中的价值分别增加了54%和31%。我们的研究结果强调了依赖不可持续的地下水使用对全球农业供应链构成的长期风险的重要性。
The United States plays a key role in global food security by producing and exporting agricultural products. Groundwater irrigation is increasingly important in agricultural production, nearly tripling since records began in 1950. Increased reliance on groundwater and prolonged unsustainable pumping of aquifers has led to groundwater depletion in many areas. In this study, we ask: How much groundwater depletion is embedded in the domestic transfers and international agricultural exports of the United States? How much do domestic and international agricultural commodity fluxes rely on unsustainable groundwater use? To address these questions, we quantify the amount of nonrenewable groundwater that is incorporated into agricultural commodities produced in the United States and transferred both within the country and exported internationally. We find that 26.3 km(3) of nonrenewable groundwater was transferred domestically in 2002 and 2.7 km(3) was sent abroad. In 2012, 34.8 km(3) was transferred domestically and 3.7 km(3) was exported. This indicates an increase of 32% in domestic transfers and 38% in international exports. In 2002, we find that 1,491,126 kt (340 billion USD) of agricultural products reliant on nonrenewable groundwater were domestically transferred, while 119,048 kt (47 billion USD) were exported. In 2012, the mass transfer of agricultural goods reliant on unsustainable groundwater decreased, but their value in national and international supply chains increased by 54% and 31%, respectively. Our results underscore the importance of the long-term risks posed to global agricultural supply chains from reliance on unsustainable groundwater use.