Depth-related variability in viral communities in highly stratified sulfidic mine tailings
Depth-related variability in viral communities in highly stratified sulfidic mine tailings
复制标题
高度分层的硫化矿尾矿中病毒群落与深度相关的变异性
DOI：
10.1186/s40168-020-00848-3
复制
发表时间：
2020-06-09
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Huang, Li-Nan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Shao-Ming;Schippers, Axel;Huang, Li-Nan
背景 最近的研究极大地扩展了我们对病毒多样性和环境功能的了解。探索病毒、宿主和环境之间的生态关系是深入了解它们之间复杂和动态相互作用的关键第一步。结果在这里，我们从两个具有陡峭地球化学梯度（尤其是 pH）的高度分层硫化矿尾矿核心的不同深度获得了广泛的 16S rRNA 基因扩增子、宏基因组测序和地球化学数据集，并探讨了病毒群落组成和功能的变化如何与共存的原核生物组合和不同的环境条件耦合。我们的数据显示，尾矿中的许多病毒代表了基于基因共享网络的新属。管状病毒科、短足病毒科和肌病毒科在表层尾矿和深层的分类病毒中占主导地位。病毒丰富度和归一化覆盖度都随着尾矿芯深度的增加而增加，并且与地球化学特性（例如 pH）显着相关。病毒丰富度也与原核生物丰富度相关（Pearson'sr= 0.65，P= 0.032）。地表尾矿中原噬菌体的富集表明，溶原性病毒在酸性条件下更倾向于生存。群落范围内的比较分析清楚地表明，表层尾矿中的病毒编码的基因大多具有未知功能，而深层病毒所编码的基因主要注释为与代谢和结构相关的常规功能。值得注意的是，从更深的尾矿层中鉴定出了显着丰富的同化硫酸盐还原基因，并且它们广泛存在于预计感染不同细菌门的病毒中。结论总的来说，我们的结果揭示了极端和异质尾矿系统中病毒种群的深度相关分布。这些病毒可能与不同的宿主和动态环境条件相互作用，并可能在微生物群落的功能中发挥作用并调节原位硫循环。
Background Recent studies have significantly expanded our knowledge of viral diversity and functions in the environment. Exploring the ecological relationships between viruses, hosts, and the environment is a crucial first step towards a deeper understanding of the complex and dynamic interplays among them. Results Here, we obtained extensive 16S rRNA gene amplicon, metagenomics sequencing, and geochemical datasets from different depths of two highly stratified sulfidic mine tailings cores with steep geochemical gradients especially pH, and explored how variations in viral community composition and functions were coupled to the co-existing prokaryotic assemblages and the varying environmental conditions. Our data showed that many viruses in the mine tailings represented novel genera, based on gene-sharing networks.Siphoviridae,Podoviridae, andMyoviridaedominated the classified viruses in the surface tailings and deeper layers. Both viral richness and normalized coverage increased with depth in the tailings cores and were significantly correlated with geochemical properties, for example, pH. Viral richness was also coupled to prokaryotic richness (Pearson'sr= 0.65,P= 0.032). The enrichment of prophages in the surface mine tailings suggested a preference of lysogenic viral lifestyle in more acidic conditions. Community-wide comparative analyses clearly showed that viruses in the surface tailings encoded genes mostly with unknown functions while viruses in the deeper layers contained genes mainly annotated as conventional functions related to metabolism and structure. Notably, significantly abundant assimilatory sulfate reduction genes were identified from the deeper tailings layers and they were widespread in viruses predicted to infect diverse bacterial phyla. Conclusions Overall, our results revealed a depth-related distribution of viral populations in the extreme and heterogeneous tailings system. The viruses may interact with diverse hosts and dynamic environmental conditions and likely play a role in the functioning of microbial community and modulate sulfur cycles in situ.