Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform-猫眼课题宝

种族与福利改革的政治

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2009

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作者：

Martin Gilens

种族和贫困现在如此紧密地交织在一起，以至于很难相信曾经有一段时间，关于美国贫困的讨论完全忽视了黑人。非洲裔美国人一直不成比例地贫穷，但在我们历史上的大部分时间里，白人社会都忽视了黑人的贫困。在接下来的几页中，我分析了40多年来新闻媒体对贫困的报道，以追踪穷人种族形象的变化。我发现，直到20世纪60年代中期，贫困还是一个压倒性的“白色问题”出现在国家新闻媒体上。但在1965年开始的一段非常短的时间里，媒体对美国贫困的描述发生了戏剧性的转变。尽管美国穷人的真实种族构成保持稳定，但新闻媒体的贫困面孔在1965至1967年间明显变得更加阴暗。新闻媒体对穷人种族形象不断变化的最明显解释--民权运动和20世纪60年代中期的城市骚乱--起到了一定作用，但无法解释媒体形象转变的性质或时机。媒体对贫困的描述的这种变化，也不仅仅是对非洲裔美国人在更广泛的新闻中日益增加的可见度的反映。相反，大众媒体上不断变化的穷人种族形象是

Race and poverty are now so closely entwined that it is hard to believe there was a time when discussions of American poverty neglected blacks altogether. African Americans have always been disproportionately poor, but black poverty was ignored by white society throughout most of our history. In the following pages, I analyze over 40 years of news media coverage of poverty in order to trace changes in racial images of the poor. I ‹nd that until the mid-1960s, poverty appeared overwhelmingly as a “white problem” in the national news media. But in a very brief period beginning in 1965, the media’s portrayal of American poverty shifted dramatically. Although the true racial composition of the American poor remained stable, the face of poverty in the news media became markedly darker between 1965 and 1967. The most obvious explanations for the news media’s changing racial portrayal of the poor—the civil rights movement and the urban riots of the mid-1960s—played a role, but cannot account for the nature or timing of the shifts in media images. Nor is this change in the media’s portrayal of poverty merely a re›ection of the increasing visibility of African Americans in the news more broadly. Instead, the changing racial images of the poor in the mass media are

Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform

种族与福利改革的政治

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