The Other Hand in Sign Language Phonology
The Other Hand in Sign Language Phonology
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手语音韵学中的另一只手
DOI：
10.1002/9781444335262.wbctp0010
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
O. Crasborn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Crasborn
聋人社区使用的手语使用视觉渠道进行交流。多个发音器官参与了所有语音材料的产生，包括头部（它围绕所有三个轴旋转），面部表情的许多方面（包括眼睛凝视），上身的位置，当然还有双手。只是慢慢地变得清楚如何使用语言的一些发音，如眼睛凝视，真的是（Metzger 1998; Meurant 2008）。对于大多数发音者和他们在词汇中的语音表征，我们仍然对他们在世界手语中的实际使用有非常有限的看法（Eccarius和Brentari 2007）。从符号音韵学研究的一开始，双手的语言学地位就一直在争论，以及构成它们的形状，旋转，位置和运动的特征（第9章：手语音系学中的手形;第24章：手语中运动的音系学;第56章：符号音节）：Stokoe（1960）对美国手语（ASL）词汇的突破性分析表明，一些符号只有一只手的规格，而另一些则有两只手的规格。也就是说，单手和双手符号之间的区别在词汇中起着作用，需要在那里加以说明。虽然这在任何语音分析中都没有争议，但研究人员提出了两只手的不同模型。本章将主要关注词汇中可能存在的语音表征（第2和第3节），但也将把目光投向词汇之外，看看在同时表达不同的词素时，两只手能在多大程度上独立发挥作用（第4节）。开放性问题的概述见第5节。
Signed languages used by Deaf communities use the visual channel for communication. Multiple articulators are involved in producing all phonological material, including the head (its rotation around all three axes), many if not all aspects of facial expression (including eye gaze), the position of the upper body, and of course the two hands. It is only slowly becoming clear how linguistic the use of some articulations, eg eye gaze, really is (Metzger 1998; Meurant 2008). For most articulators and their phonological representations in the lexicon, we still have a very limited view on their actual use across the sign languages of the world (Eccarius and Brentari 2007).The linguistic status of the two hands has been argued for from the very start of research on sign phonology, together with the features that make up their shape, rotation, location, and movement (chapter 9: handshape in sign language phonology; chapter 24: the phonology of movement in sign language; chapter 56: sign syllables): Stokoe’s (1960) ground-breaking analysis of the lexicon of American Sign Language (ASL) showed that some signs only have specifications for one hand, while others have a specification for two hands. That is, the distinction between one-handed and two-handed signs plays a role in the lexicon and needs to be specified there. While this has not been contested in any phonological analysis since, researchers have proposed different models of the two hands. This chapter will primarily focus on the possible phonological representations in the lexicon (§ 2 and § 3), yet will also look beyond the lexicon to see to what extent the two hands can function independently in expressing separate morphemes simultaneously (§ 4). An overview of open questions is presented in § 5.