Acute and chronic effects of perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures on larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)
Acute and chronic effects of perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures on larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124350
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Sepulveda, Maria S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flynn, R. Wesley;Chislock, Michael F.;Sepulveda, Maria S.
全球地下水和地表水沃茨中全氟烷基物质（PFAS）浓度升高的发现，使人们更加关注其潜在的不良健康影响。全氟辛烷磺酸的影响主要是从单一全氟辛烷磺酸化合物在模式生物中的急性毒性研究中得知的，而关于混合物对野生动物的影响了解甚少。为了解决这一差距，我们研究了两种最常见的PFAS（全氟辛烷磺酸[PFOS]和全氟辛酸[PFOA]）及其混合物对美国牛蛙（Rana catesbeiana）蝌蚪生存，生长和发育的急性和慢性影响。在96小时急性毒性测试中，PFOS的毒性比PFOA高10倍，并且这两种化学物质组合的影响似乎是相加的。在72天的接触中，全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸及其相互作用的影响因所考虑的亚致死终点而异。全氟辛烷磺酸对蝌蚪质量和发育阶段的影响主要是由全氟辛烷磺酸驱动的，没有证据表明存在偏离加和性的相互作用。然而，对于口鼻排气长度，在混合物处理的长度减少大于预期的基础上的两种化学品独立的影响（即非加和性）。此外，在单一化学品暴露中，仅观察到全氟辛酸对鼻-口长度的影响。我们的结果强调了评估环境中同时存在的PFAS综合影响的重要性，并建议在将急性毒性研究的影响外推到与环境更相关的暴露时应谨慎。今后研究与环境有关的混合物对野生动物的影响，对于有效的环境风险评估和管理至关重要。(C)2019爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Discovery of elevated concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in ground and surface waters globally has heightened concern over their potential adverse health effects. The effects of PFAS are known largely from acute toxicity studies of single PFAS compounds in model organisms, while little is understood concerning effects of mixtures on wildlife. To address this gap, we examined the acute and chronic effects of two of the most common PFAS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS] and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA]) and their mixtures on survival, growth, and development of American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. In 96 h acute toxicity tests, PFOS was 10X more toxic than PFOA and effects of the two chemicals in combination appeared additive. The effects of PFOS, PFOA, and their interaction varied by the sublethal endpoint under consideration in a 72 d exposure. Effects of PFAS on tadpole mass and developmental stage were largely driven by PFOS and there was no evidence of interactions suggesting deviations from additivity. However, for snout-vent length, reductions in length in mixture treatments were greater than expected based on the effects of the two chemicals independently (i.e. non-additivity). Further, effects on snout-vent length in single chemical exposures were only observed with PFOA. Our results highlight the importance of assessing combined effects of PFAS co-occurring in the environment and suggest caution in extrapolating the effects of acute toxicity studies to more environmentally relevant exposures. Future studies examining effects of environmentally relevant mixtures on wildlife will be essential for effective environmental risk assessment and management. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.