Methanotrophic microbial communities associated with bubble plumes above gas seeps in the Black Sea
Methanotrophic microbial communities associated with bubble plumes above gas seeps in the Black Sea
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DOI：
10.1029/2005gc001049
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发表时间：
2006-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
C. Schubert;E. Durisch-Kaiser;Christian P. Holzner;Lucia Klauser;B. Wehrli;O. Schmale;J. Greinert;D. McGinnis;M. De Batist;R. Kipfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Schubert;E. Durisch-Kaiser;Christian P. Holzner;Lucia Klauser;B. Wehrli;O. Schmale;J. Greinert;D. McGinnis;M. De Batist;R. Kipfer
通过水声成像，可以追踪到黑海水柱高度达1000米的活跃气体渗漏形成的气泡。虽然甲烷浓度在深渗漏点上方的水柱和参考点之间无法区分，但大气稀有气体测量清楚地表明，气体（主要是甲烷）通过渗漏不断输入黑海。用特异的16S rRNA靶向寡核苷酸探针检测到的古细菌（ANME‐1,ANME‐2）和甲烷营养细菌与缺氧和缺氧水柱中的活性气体渗漏有关。研究表明，甲烷渗漏对黑海甲烷收支的影响比以前认为的要大得多，并且ANME - 1和ANME - 2是通过沉积物中的气泡注入缺氧水柱中介导甲烷氧化的。我们的研究结果进一步表明，由于非常有效的微生物屏障，只有少量的甲烷从黑海天然气渗漏中进化到大气中。因此，只有主要的热力学和/或构造触发的天然气水合物解离才有可能引起“笼形枪假说”所建议的快速气候变化。
Bubbles evolving from active gas seeps can be traced by hydroacoustic imaging up to 1000 m high in the Black Sea water column. Although methane concentrations are not distinguishable between the water column above the deep seep and reference sites, atmospheric noble gas measurements clearly show the constant input of gases (mainly methane) via seepage into the Black Sea. Archaea (ANME‐1, ANME‐2) and methanotrophic bacteria detected with specific 16S rRNA‐targeted oligonucleotide probes are related to active gas seeps in the oxic and anoxic water column. It is suggested that methane seeps have a much greater influence on the Black Sea methane budget than previously acknowledged and that ANME‐1 and ANME‐2 are injected via gas bubbles from the sediment into the anoxic water column mediating methane oxidation. Our results show further that only minor amounts of methane evolving from Black Sea gas seeps reach the atmosphere due to the very effective microbial barrier. Hence only major thermodynamically and/or tectonically triggered gas hydrate dissociation has the potential to induce rapid climate changes as suggested by the “clathrate gun hypothesis.”