Molecular and developmental contributions to divergent pigment patterns in marine and freshwater sticklebacks.
Molecular and developmental contributions to divergent pigment patterns in marine and freshwater sticklebacks.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1525-142x.2012.00553.x
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Peichel CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwood AK;Cech JN;Peichel CL
跨物种或种群的色素模式变化提供了一个易于处理的框架，在其中调查发展的演变。幼年threespine棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）从海洋和淡水环境中表现出不同的色素模式，与生态差异。幼年的海洋刺鱼有银色的外观，而淡水环境中的刺鱼则表现出垂直的条纹。我们调查了这一群体水平的色素模式的变化的发展和分子基础。在从幼虫到少年阶段的过渡过程中的时间过程成像揭示了海洋和淡水鱼之间的差异，在空间格局的色素细胞分化，以及在色素量和分散。在淡水鱼中，黑色素细胞主要出现在深色条中，而虹膜细胞则出现在浅色条中。相比之下，在海洋鱼类中，这些色素细胞散布在侧腹。除了空间隔离的色素细胞分化，色素量和分散内黑色素细胞的空间变化横跨侧翼的淡水鱼，但不是海鱼。为了深入了解色素模式发育差异的分子途径，我们使用高通量cDNA测序（RNA-seq）和定量PCR评估了发育中鱼类侧翼的差异基因表达。我们确定了几个基因的差异表达在黑暗和光明的酒吧淡水鱼，淡水鱼和海水鱼之间。总之，这些实验开始揭示了棘鱼色素图案进化的过程。
Pigment pattern variation across species or populations offers a tractable framework in which to investigate the evolution of development. Juvenile threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from marine and freshwater environments exhibit divergent pigment patterns that are associated with ecological differences. Juvenile marine sticklebacks have a silvery appearance, whereas sticklebacks from freshwater environments exhibit a pattern of vertical bars. We investigated both the developmental and molecular basis of this population-level variation in pigment pattern. Time course imaging during the transition from larval to juvenile stages revealed differences between marine and freshwater fish in spatial patterns of chromatophore differentiation as well as in pigment amount and dispersal. In freshwater fish, melanophores appear primarily within dark bars whereas iridophores appear within light bars. By contrast, in marine fish, these chromatophores are interspersed across the flank. In addition to spatially segregated chromatophore differentiation, pigment amount and dispersal within melanophores varies spatially across the flank of freshwater, but not marine fish. To gain insight into the molecular pathways that underlie the differences in pigment pattern development, we evaluated differential gene expression in the flanks of developing fish using high throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative PCR. We identified several genes that were differentially expressed across dark and light bars of freshwater fish, and between freshwater and marine fish. Together, these experiments begin to shed light on the process of pigment pattern evolution in sticklebacks.