Identifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability.
Identifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability.
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DOI：
10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s223
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Winston, Emily
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewing, Reid;Handy, Susan;Winston, Emily
背景：在积极的生活研究中，用来表征建成环境的指标大多是粗略的质量，如社区密度和公园通道。方法：1)招募专家小组；2)拍摄街道景观视频短片；3)由专家小组对街道景观的城市设计质量进行评分；4)从视频片段中测量街道景观的物理特征；5)测试物理测量和城市设计质量评分的评分者之间的可靠性；6)统计分析物理特征与城市设计质量等级之间的关系，7)选择可操作的质量，8)基于统计关系，制定城市设计质量的可操作定义和测量方案。结果：针对城市设计的9个质量中的5个，即形象性、视觉封闭性、人的尺度、透明度和复杂性，制定了可操作的定义和测量方案。
BACKGROUND: In active living research, measures used to characterize the built environment have been mostly gross qualities such as neighborhood density and park access. This project has developed operational definitions and measurement protocols for subtler urban design qualities believed to be related to walkability.METHODS: Methods included: 1) recruiting an expert panel; 2) shooting video clips of streetscapes; 3) rating urban design qualities of streetscapes by the expert panel; 4) measuring physical features of streetscapes from the video clips; 5) testing inter-rater reliability of physical measurements and urban design quality ratings; 6) statistically analyzing relationships between physical features and urban design quality ratings, 7) selecting of qualities for operationalization, and 8) developing of operational definitions and measurement protocols for urban design qualities based on statistical relationships.RESULTS: Operational definitions and measurement protocols were developed for five of nine urban design qualities: imageability, visual enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity.CONCLUSIONS: A field survey instrument has been developed, tested in the field, and further refined for use in active living research.