INTERACTION BETWEEN INVERSION POLYMORPHISMS OF TWO CHROMOSOME PAIRS IN THE GRASSHOPPER, MORABA SCURRA.
INTERACTION BETWEEN INVERSION POLYMORPHISMS OF TWO CHROMOSOME PAIRS IN THE GRASSHOPPER, MORABA SCURRA.
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蚱蜢莫拉巴·斯库拉 (Moraba Scurra) 中两个染色体对的倒位多态性之间的相互作用。
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发表时间：
1960
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. J. White
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Lewontin;M. J. White
在研究自然群体中多态性的进化动力学时，过去的大部分工作都集中在单个遗传实体上。Dobzhansky和他的合作者对果蝇第三染色体倒位序列的研究，Lamotte（1951）对蜗牛Cepaea nemorallis壳色和带的研究，以及Allison（1955）对人类异常血红蛋白的研究，都是由单个基因座等位基因控制的多态性遗传研究的例子，或者是在遗传中作为单个基因座发挥作用的基因组。当试图同时研究同一种群中的两个或多个分离系统时，引入了一个新的复杂性顺序，因为不同多态系统的进化命运不是独立的。如果在确定各种基因型的适合度时不同基因座之间存在相互作用，情况就是这样。例如，如果在第二个基因座上具有遗传结构AA的个体是BB，那么这些个体的适合度可能大于具有遗传结构aa的个体;但是，如果在第二个基因座上具有BB，那么这种适合度关系可能会逆转。在这种情况下，多态性A、a和B、B在群体中的命运不是独立的。Levitan（1955年，1958年）在他对粗壮果蝇倒位多态性的研究中发现了这种小的相互作用的证据，Cain和Sheppard（1954年a，1954年b）在Cepaea nemoralis中发现了壳色和带型的这种相互作用。研究这些相互作用及其进化后果的最有利材料之一是澳大利亚蝗虫Moraba scurra。在较早的论文（白色，1957年）的证据表明，臂间倒位，进行了两个不同的染色体对在这个物种中，并没有随机结合在某些自然群体的成年男性个体。从随机组合的偏差被认为是细胞学多态性的两个系统之间的遗传相互作用的证据，只要他们对生活力的影响。这种相互作用效应的重要性已被讨论过，并提出了一个关于它是如何产生的假说（白色，1958）。本文件有两个目的。首先，我们将提供有关最近收集的相互作用效应的附加数据。先前公布的数据涉及1955年和1956年在澳大利亚东南部不同地点收集的6个成年男性样本。1958年和1959年获得了其中两个种群（新南威尔士州的袋熊和澳大利亚首都直辖区的Royalla“B”）的进一步数据。对最新数据的统计分析提供了
In studying the evolutionary dynamics of polymorphisms in natural populations, most of the work in the past has concentrated on single genetic entities. The Work of Dobzhansky and his collaborators on the inversion sequences in the third chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura, the studies of Lamotte (1951) on shell color and banding in the snail Cepaea nemorallis, and those of Allison (1955) on abnormal hemoglobins in man are examples of genetic studies of polymorphisms controlled by alleles at a single locus, or else by blocks of genes which act in heredity as single loci. A new order of complexity is introduced when an attempt is made to study simultaneously two or more segregating systems in the same population because of the possibility, indeed the probability, that the evolutionary fates of the different polymorphic systems are not independent. Such will be the case if there is interaction between the different loci in the determination of the fitness of various genotypes. For example, the fitness of individuals of the genetic constitution AA may be greater than those with the constitution aa if at a second locus these individuals are, let us say, BB; but this fitness relationship may be reversed in the presence of bb at the second locus. In such cases the polymorphisms A,a and B,b are not independent in their fates in the population. Levitan (1955, 1958) in his studies of the inversion polymorphisms of Drosophila robusta has evidence of a small interaction of this sort and Cain and Sheppard (1954a, 1954b) have found such interactions for shell color and banding in Cepaea nemoralis. One of the most favorable materials for the study of these interactions and their evolutionary consequences is the Australian grasshopper, Moraba scurra. In an earlier paper (White, 1957) evidence was presented that the pericentric inversions, carried on two different chromosome pairs in this species, are not combined at random in the adult male individuals of certain natural populations. The deviations from random combination were regarded as proof of a genetic interaction between the two systems of cytological polymorphism, so far as their effects on viability are concerned. The significance of this interaction effect has been discussed and a hypothesis as to how it could have arisen has been suggested (White, 1958). The present paper has two purposes. First we shall present added data on the interaction effect from recent collections. The data published previously relate to six adult male samples collected in 1955 and 1956 at various localities in South Eastern Australia. Further data on two of these populations (at Wombat, New South Wales, and Royalla "B," Australian Capital Territory) were obtained in 1958 and 1959. Statistical analysis of the more recent data provides