Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder: A study of youths in urban America
Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder: A study of youths in urban America
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DOI：
10.1093/jurban/jth138
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Anthony, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breslau, N;Wilcox, HC;Anthony, JC
我们使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准，在美国城市年轻人的高风险样本中估计创伤性事件和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的累积发生率。流行病学样本（n= 2311）于1985-1986年在大西洋中部一个大型城市的公立学校系统进入一年级时被招募。在2000-2002年期间，参与者平均年龄为21岁（n= 1698），接受了关于创伤史和创伤后应激障碍的访谈。研究发现，男性和女性一生中侵犯暴力的发生率分别为62.6%和33.7%。男性（而非女性）遭受攻击性暴力的风险因其童年时期居住的城市地区而异；其他创伤的发生并不因童年居住地区而异。女性在遭受性暴力后患PTSD的风险高于男性（优势比= 4.0,95%可信区间为2.0-8.3），但其他创伤后患PTSD的风险较低。将这个主要来自市中心的样本的结果与最近在美国另一个地区的主要郊区样本的结果进行比较，其中使用了相同的创伤和创伤后应激障碍的标准和测量方法，这表明男性遭受性暴力的风险和女性遭受性暴力后患创伤后应激障碍的风险可能因社会环境的特征而异。
We estimate the cumulative occurrence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria, in a high-risk sample of young people in urban United States. The epidemiological sample (n=2,311) was recruited in 1985-1986 at entry into first grade of a public school system of a large mid-Atlantic city. Participants were interviewed about history of trauma and PTSD in 2000-2002 when their mean age was 21 years (n=1,698). We found that the lifetime occurrence of assaultive violence was 62.6% in males and 33.7% in females. The risk of assaultive violence in males (but not females) varied by childhood area of residence within the city; the occurrence of other traumas did not vary by area of childhood residence. Females bad a higher risk of PTSD than males following assaultive violence (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.0-8.3), but not following other traumas. A comparison of the results from this largely inner-city sample with the results from a recent study of a largely suburban sample in another region of the United States in which the same criteria and measures of trauma and PTSD were used suggested the possibility that males' risk for assaultive violence and females' risk for PTSD following exposure to assaultive violence might vary by characteristics of the social environment.