Multiple Structural Maintenance of Chromosome Complexes at Transcriptional Regulatory Elements
Multiple Structural Maintenance of Chromosome Complexes at Transcriptional Regulatory Elements
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DOI：
10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.09.002
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发表时间：
2013-11-19
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Young, Richard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dowen, Jill M.;Bilodeau, Steve;Young, Richard A.
转录因子通过结合调控元件和募集辅因子以及转录器到活性基因的起始位点来控制细胞特异性基因表达程序。这些辅因子之一是粘连蛋白，一种染色体结构维持（SMC）复合物，是正确的基因表达所必需的。我们报告说，第二SMC复合物，凝聚素II，也存在于转录调控元件的活性基因在间期和正常的基因活性是必要的。凝聚素和凝聚素II都与常染色质而非异染色质中的基因相关。两个SMC复合物和SMC加载因子NIPBL在超级增强子处特别富集，并且与这些调控元件相关的基因对这些复合物的降低水平特别敏感。因此，除了它们在有丝分裂期间染色体维持中的既定功能之外，粘着蛋白和凝聚素II对间期期间关键转录调控元件的功能做出重要贡献。
Transcription factors control cell-specific gene expression programs by binding regulatory elements and recruiting cofactors and the transcription apparatus to the initiation sites of active genes. One of these cofactors is cohesin, a structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex that is necessary for proper gene expression. We report that a second SMC complex, condensin II, is also present at transcriptional regulatory elements of active genes during interphase and is necessary for normal gene activity. Both cohesin and condensin II are associated with genes in euchromatin and not heterochromatin. The two SMC complexes and the SMC loading factor NIPBL are particularly enriched at super-enhancers, and the genes associated with these regulatory elements are especially sensitive to reduced levels of these complexes. Thus, in addition to their well-established functions in chromosome maintenance during mitosis, both cohesin and condensin II make important contributions to the functions of the key transcriptional regulatory elements during interphase.