Empty sites can promote altruistic behavior
Empty sites can promote altruistic behavior
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00369.x
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Taylor, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alizon, Samuel;Taylor, Peter
空间结构已被证明可以促进利他行为，然而，它也增加了亲属之间的竞争强度。我们的目的是开发一个模型，使这种竞争最小化，更准确地说，繁殖力的局部增加对附近个体的适应性的竞争影响最小。我们使用一个岛屿模型，其中允许空地，选择我们的人口统计规则，以便在繁殖力较高的斑块中，空地以更高的速度被填充。我们还允许扩散率根据斑块中空位的比例而变化。具有不同数量的空位点的斑块在频率、斑块内血缘性和繁殖价值方面有所不同。使用包容性适应性论证，我们表明我们的模型确实促进了利他主义；事实上，汉密尔顿法则被证明是成立的。事实证明，向补片伙伴提供繁殖力礼物对演员的唯一负面影响是，由于空位被占据的可能性增加，繁殖价值略有下降。我们发现，在空置场地数量中等的岛屿上，利他主义者最受青睐。
Spatial structure has been shown to promote altruistic behavior, however, it also increases the intensity of competition among relatives. Our purpose here is to develop a model in which this competition is minimized, more precisely a local increase in fecundity has a minimal competitive effect on the fitness of nearby individuals. We work with an island model in which sites are allowed to be empty, choosing our demographic rules so that in patches with higher fecundity, empty sites are filled at a higher rate. We also allow dispersal rates to evolve in response to the proportion of empty sites in the patch. Patches with different numbers of empty sites differ in frequency, in within-patch consanguinity, and in reproductive value. Using an inclusive fitness argument, we show that our model does promote altruism; indeed Hamilton's Rule is shown to hold. The only negative effect on an actor of a gift of fecundity to a patchmate turns out to be a slight decrease in reproductive value due to an increased probability of an empty site being occupied. We show that altruists are most favored in islands with an intermediate number of empty sites.