Specificity of cerebellar vermian abnormalities in autism: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study
Specificity of cerebellar vermian abnormalities in autism: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study
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DOI：
10.1177/08830738030180070501
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Lanham, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaufmann, WE;Cooper, KL;Lanham, DC
为了深入了解自闭症患者小脑蚓部异常的特异性，我们对患有与自闭症相关的两种疾病（唐氏综合征和脆性X综合征）的男孩进行了磁共振成像（MRI）研究，并与患有特发性自闭症的男孩和对照组进行了比较。受试者的年龄从3岁到9岁不等，包括16名患有唐氏综合征+自闭症的男孩和11名仅患有唐氏综合征的男孩; 13名患有脆性X综合征+自闭症的男孩和9名仅患有脆性X综合征的男孩; 10名患有特发性自闭症的男孩;以及22名对照。自闭症的诊断是基于DSM-IV标准，主要由自闭症诊断访谈证实。T1加权正中矢状位MRI用于测量中线结构。反映大脑大小的颅内面积在唐氏综合征患者中明显较小。因此，所有蠕虫测量值均表示为与颅内面积的比值。协方差分析（年龄和智商的协变）表明，后蚓部（小叶VI-VII和VIII-X）在唐氏综合征组和脆性X综合征组中明显较小，而只有小叶VI-VII在特发性自闭症中减少。因素方差分析测试自闭症因素和唐氏综合征或脆性X综合征的诊断之间的相互作用。小叶VI-VII/颅内面积的大小仅在脆性X综合征中依赖于自闭症状态，脆性X综合征与自闭症的比值仅明显大于脆性X综合征。我们得出结论，选择性后蚓部发育不全不仅见于特发性自闭症，也见于唐氏综合征和某些脆性X综合征患者。然而，在蚓部小叶VI和VII的减少似乎是特异性的特发性自闭症，而小叶VI和VII的大小增加与脆性X综合征的自闭症。后者的结果是一致的MRI研究显示小叶VI-VII增生的一个子集的主题与特发性自闭症和大脑和海马扩大脆性X综合征。
To gain insight into the specificity of cerebellar vermian abnormalities reported in autism, we conducted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of boys with either of two conditions associated with autism, Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome, compared with boys with idiopathic autism and controls. The subjects, ranging in age from 3 to 9 years, included 16 boys with Down syndrome + autism and 11 boys with Down syndrome only; 13 boys with fragile X syndrome + autism and 9 boys with fragile X syndrome only; 10 boys with idiopathic autism; and 22 controls. Diagnosis of autism was based on DSM-IV criteria, confirmed primarily by the Autism Diagnostic Interview. T-1-weighted midsagittal MRIs were used to measure midline structures. Intracranial area, reflecting brain size, was significantly smaller in subjects with Down syndrome. Therefore, all vermian measures were expressed as ratios to intracranial area. Analysis of covariance (covarying for age and IQ) demonstrated that posterior vermi (lobules VI-VII and VIII-X) were markedly smaller in both Down syndrome groups and those with fragile X syndrome only, whereas only lobules VI-VII were reduced in idiopathic autism. Factorial analyses of variance tested interactions between autism factor and the diagnosis of Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome. The size of lobules VI-VII/intracranial area was dependent on autism status only in fragile X syndrome, with ratios significantly larger in fragile X syndrome with autism with respect to fragile X syndrome only We conclude that selective posterior vermis hypoplasia is seen not only in idiopathic autism but also in Down syndrome and some individuals with fragile X syndrome. However, reductions in vermian lobules VI and VII appear to be specific to idiopathic autism, whereas increased size of lobules VI and VII is associated with autism in fragile X syndrome. The latter results are consistent with MRI studies showing lobules VI-VII hyperplasia in a subset of subjects with idiopathic autism and cerebral and hippocampal enlargements in fragile X syndrome.