Impact of acute stress on neural indices of positive and negative reinforcement processing in cannabis users.
Impact of acute stress on neural indices of positive and negative reinforcement processing in cannabis users.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/adb0000846
复制
发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Macatee, Richard J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Preston, Thomas J;Albanese, Brian J;Schmidt, Norman B;Macatee, Richard J
长期使用大麻的部分原因是压力和奖励反应系统失调。具体来说，压力相关的负面影响被认为是慢性物质使用的一个显着动机。成瘾模型认为，物质使用的正强化动机向负强化动机的转变是物质滥用的一个重要机制。然而，在物质使用样本的研究还没有评估积极和消极的强化与压力相关的神经处理。因此，本研究利用实验室压力诱导来研究压力如何影响奖励积极性，这是一种对积极（RewP）和消极（relief-RewP）强化敏感的事件相关电位，在87名大麻使用者（58.10%女性，法师= 19.40）中，大麻使用障碍（CUD）的严重程度不同，并且作为更大研究目标的一部分，创伤性脑损伤（TBI）史。我们预测更大的CUD严重程度将与钝化的RewP和增强的缓解-RewP相关，特别是在应激诱导后，与TBI状态无关。结果表明，CUD的严重程度与RewP/relief-RewP幅度无关，无论急性应激。然而，探索性分析显示，在有创伤性脑损伤（TBI+）史的患者中，CUD严重程度与更大的压力引起的RewP钝化和缓解RewP增强相关。虽然初步的研究结果与目前的成瘾的适应性模型相矛盾，探索性的研究结果表明，创伤性脑损伤的历史，以及潜在的其他混杂变量与TBI经验的风险增加，可能会影响压力的经验在多大程度上调节神经生理学的积极和消极的强化奖励处理在CUD。
Chronic cannabis use is maintained in part through dysregulated stress and reward response systems. Specifically, stress-related negative affect is thought to act as a salient motivator for chronic substance use. Models of addiction posit that the transition from positive to negative reinforcement motives for substance use is a key mechanism of disordered use. However, research in substance-using samples has not assessed stress-related neural processing of both positive and negative reinforcement. Therefore, the current study utilized laboratory stress induction to examine how stress affects the reward positivity, an event-related potential sensitive to both positive (RewP) and negative (relief-RewP) reinforcement, in 87 cannabis users (58.10% Female, Mage = 19.40) varying in Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) severity and, as part of larger study aims, history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We predicted greater CUD severity would be associated with a blunted RewP and enhanced relief-RewP, particularly after stress induction, independent of TBI status. Findings indicated that CUD severity was not associated with RewP/relief-RewP amplitude regardless of acute stress. Exploratory analyses revealed however, that among those with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI+), CUD severity was associated with greater stress-elicited blunting of the RewP and enhancement of the relief-RewP. Although initial findings contradict current allostatic models of addiction, exploratory findings suggest that history of traumatic brain injury, and potentially other confounding variables related to increased risk of TBI-experience, may influence the extent to which stressful experiences modulate the neurophysiology of both positive and negative reinforcement reward processing in CUD.