The Regulatory Networks That Control Clostridium difficile Toxin Synthesis.
The Regulatory Networks That Control Clostridium difficile Toxin Synthesis.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins8050153
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发表时间：
2016-05-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Dupuy B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin-Verstraete I;Peltier J;Dupuy B
致病性梭菌引起许多人类和动物疾病，这些疾病通常是由于产生强效外毒素而引起的。在肠毒性梭菌中，艰难梭菌是具有由抗生素治疗引起的受损肠道微生物群的成人中医院肠道感染的主要病原体。C.艰难梭菌感染基本上是由两种外毒素的产生引起的：TcdA和TcdB。此外，对于严重形式的疾病，由C.艰难梭菌也与宿主感染期间产生的毒素水平相关。这一观察结果加强了这样一种观点，即毒素合成的调节是C。难治性发病机制这篇综述总结了我们目前的知识有关的监管机构和sigma因子，已被报道控制毒素基因的表达，响应于几种环境信号和压力，包括某些碳源和氨基酸的可用性，或信号分子，如群体感应系统的自诱导肽。关键代谢途径和毒素合成的重叠调节强烈表明，毒素产生是一种复杂的反应，是由细菌在感染期间响应特定的营养可用性状态而触发的。
The pathogenic clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, which typically arise as a consequence of the production of potent exotoxins. Among the enterotoxic clostridia, Clostridium difficile is the main causative agent of nosocomial intestinal infections in adults with a compromised gut microbiota caused by antibiotic treatment. The symptoms of C. difficile infection are essentially caused by the production of two exotoxins: TcdA and TcdB. Moreover, for severe forms of disease, the spectrum of diseases caused by C. difficile has also been correlated to the levels of toxins that are produced during host infection. This observation strengthened the idea that the regulation of toxin synthesis is an important part of C. difficile pathogenesis. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the regulators and sigma factors that have been reported to control toxin gene expression in response to several environmental signals and stresses, including the availability of certain carbon sources and amino acids, or to signaling molecules, such as the autoinducing peptides of quorum sensing systems. The overlapping regulation of key metabolic pathways and toxin synthesis strongly suggests that toxin production is a complex response that is triggered by bacteria in response to particular states of nutrient availability during infection.