Operationalizing climate targets under learning: An application of cost-risk analysis

Operationalizing climate targets under learning: An application of cost-risk analysis
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学习中的气候目标的实施:成本风险分析的应用

DOI:
10.1007/s10584-014-1223-z
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Otto A
Otto A
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Neubersch D;Held H;Otto A

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成本效益分析(CEA)确定气候政策,以最小的福利损失达到给定的气候目标。然而,当应用于气候敏感性不确定性下的温度目标时,决策者可能会面临未来气候信息的负期望值,甚至是不可行的解决方案。为了解决这些问题,成本-风险分析(CRA),即权衡缓解气候变化的成本与超过气候目标的风险,已被提议作为CEA在不确定性下的扩展。在这里,我们建立在这个命题,并制定了一个公理健全的CRA的不确定性和未来的学习背景。本文的主要贡献是:(一)我们表明,风险惩罚函数必须是非凹的,以避免反直觉的偏好,(二)我们引入了一个普遍适用的校准的成本-风险权衡,(三)我们实现了第一个应用CRA的数值综合评估模型。我们发现,对于2°目标和66%的合规水平,2015年与2075年相比,信息的预期价值在每年消费量的0.15%到0.66%之间,并且可以将预期的减排成本降低约三分之一。(iv)最后,我们发现,相对重要性的经济风险相关的贡献增加的目标概率的遵守。
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) determines climate policies that reach a given climate target at minimum welfare losses. However, when applied to temperature targets under climate sensitivity uncertainty, decision-makers might be confronted with normatively unappealing negative expected values of future climate information or even infeasible solutions. To tackle these issues, Cost-Risk Analysis (CRA), that trades-off the costs for mitigating climate change against the risk of exceeding climate targets, has been proposed as an extension of CEA under uncertainty. Here we build on this proposition and develop an axiomatically sound CRA for the context of uncertainty and future learning. The main contributions of this paper are: (i) we show, that a risk-penalty function has to be non-concave to avoid counter-intuitive preferences, (ii) we introduce a universally applicable calibration of the cost-risk trade-off, and (iii) we implement the first application of CRA to a numerical integrated assessment model. We find that for a 2°-target in combination with a 66 % compliance level, the expected value of information in 2015 vs. 2075 is between 0.15 % and 0.66 % of consumption every year, and can reduce expected mitigation costs by about one third. (iv) Finally, we find that the relative importance of the economic over the risk-related contribution increases with the target probability of compliance.
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