A role for non-rapid-eye-movement sleep homeostasis in perceptual learning
A role for non-rapid-eye-movement sleep homeostasis in perceptual learning
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5548-07.2008
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发表时间：
2008-03-12
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Ronda, Joseph M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aeschbach, Daniel;Cutler, Alex J.;Ronda, Joseph M.
非快速眼动 (NREM) 睡眠中的慢波活动（SWA；0.75-4.5 Hz 范围内的脑电图功率密度）是睡眠稳态的主要标志，被认为反映了睡眠需求。但尚不清楚 SWA 的产生本身是否具有基本功能。此前，SWA 与大脑可塑性和学习有关，但因果作用的证据仍然相关。在这里，我们使用声学慢波抑制来测试视觉纹理辨别力（一种知觉学习的形式）的夜间改善是否直接取决于睡眠期间的 SWA。两组受试者在基线睡眠后接受纹理辨别任务 (TDT) 训练，并在 24 小时后、4 小时实验性 (EX) 睡眠事件（有或没有 SWA 抑制）后以及一晚恢复性睡眠后再次进行测试。在抑制组中，EX睡眠期间的SWA与对照组相比减少了30%，而总睡眠时间和REM睡眠不受影响。在 EX 睡眠后，对照组的纹理辨别力有所改善，但抑制组则没有。此外，夜间 TDT 表现的改善与 NREM 睡眠期间参与 TDT 学习的大脑区域 SWA 频率范围内的 EEG 功率密度（0.75-1.0 Hz 时最大 r = 0.75）相关。我们得出的结论是，SWA 是睡眠依赖性感知表现增益的重要决定因素，这一发现直接暗示了学习中的睡眠稳态过程。
Slow-wave activity (SWA; EEG power density in the 0.75-4.5 Hz range) in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep is the primary marker of sleep homeostasis and thought to reflect sleep need. But it is unknown whether the generation of SWA itself serves a fundamental function. Previously, SWA has been implicated in brain plasticity and learning, yet the evidence for a causal role remains correlative. Here, we used acoustic slow-wave suppression to test whether overnight improvement in visual texture discrimination, a form of perceptual learning, directly depends on SWA during sleep. Two groups of subjects were trained on a texture discrimination task (TDT) after baseline sleep, and were tested 24 h later, after a 4 h experimental (EX) sleep episode (with or without SWA suppression), and again after a night of recovery sleep. In the suppression group, SWA during EX sleep was reduced by 30% compared with the control group, whereas total sleep time and REM sleep were not affected. Texture discrimination improved after EX sleep in the control group but not in the suppression group. Moreover, overnight improvement in TDT performance correlated with EEG power density during NREM sleep in the frequency range of SWA (maximum r = 0.75 at 0.75-1.0 Hz) over brain areas involved in TDT learning. We conclude that SWA is an important determinant of sleep-dependent gains in perceptual performance, a finding that directly implicates processes of sleep homeostasis in learning.