Detrimental effects of effortful physical exertion on a working memory dual-task in older adults.
Detrimental effects of effortful physical exertion on a working memory dual-task in older adults.
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剧烈体力消耗对老年人工作记忆双重任务的不利影响。
DOI：
10.1037/pag0000746
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhang,Weiwei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azer,Lilian;Xie,Weizhen;Park,Hyung-Bum;Zhang,Weiwei
行动和认知经常在日常生活中相互作用，都对衰老的影响很敏感。本研究测试了一个简单的身体动作，用力握手，对年轻人和老年人的工作记忆(WM)和抑制控制的影响。使用一种新的双任务范式，参与者在同时进行体力消耗(5%对30%的个体最大自愿收缩)的情况下，参与了一项有0或5个分心物的WM任务。虽然两个年龄段的人在没有分心物的情况下都无法影响WM准确性，但努力的体力消耗会降低老年人的WM准确性，但不会降低年轻人的WM准确性。同样，老年人在高体力消耗的分心物存在状态下经历了更大的分心物干扰，以较慢的反应时间(RT)为指标，RT分布的分层贝叶斯模型证实了这一点。我们的发现是，一项简单但费力的身体任务会导致认知控制受损，这一发现对理解老年人的日常功能可能具有重要的经验意义。例如，忽视与任务无关的项目的能力随着年龄的增长而下降，当同时执行一项物理任务时，这种下降更大，这在日常生活中经常发生。认知和运动任务之间的负面相互作用可能会进一步损害日常功能，而不仅仅是老年人抑制控制和身体能力减少的负面后果。
Action and cognition often interact in everyday life and are both sensitive to the effects of aging. The present study tested the effects of a simple physical action, effortful handgrip exertion, on working memory (WM) and inhibitory control in younger and older adults. Using a novel dual-task paradigm, participants engaged in a WM task with 0 or 5-distractors under concurrent physical exertion (5% vs. 30% individual maximum voluntary contraction). Effortful physical exertion, although failing to effect WM accuracy in the distractor absent condition for both age groups, reduced WM accuracy for the older, but not young adults, in the distractor-present condition. Similarly, older adults experienced greater distractor interference in the distractor-present condition under high physical exertion, indexed by slower reaction time (RT), confirmed by hierarchical Bayesian modeling of RT distributions. Our finding that a simple but effortful physical task results in impaired cognitive control may be empirically important for understanding everyday functions of older adults. For example, the ability to ignore task-irrelevant items declines with age and this decline is greater when simultaneously performing a physical task, which is a frequent occurrence in daily life. The negative interactions between cognitive and motor tasks may further impair daily functions, beyond the negative consequences of reduced inhibitory control and physical abilities in older adults.