The evolutionary genetics of adaptation: a simulation study.
The evolutionary genetics of adaptation: a simulation study.
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适应的进化遗传学：模拟研究。
DOI：
10.1017/s0016672399004164
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Orr,HA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Orr,HA
现在很清楚，适应的遗传基础并不像无限小模型所假设的那样。相反，适应往往涉及数量不多的影响较大的因素和数量较多的影响较小的因素。在回顾了相关的实验研究之后，我考虑了最近从第一原理预测适应性遗传结构的理论尝试。特别地，我回顾了费雪适应几何模型的工作历史，包括最近的研究表明，适应应该以基因效应的指数分布为特征。我还提出了新的模拟研究的结果，以测试这一发现的稳健性。我探索突变效应（绝对与相对）分布变化的影响，以及所研究性状的性质（总表型效应与单个性状）。结果表明，对固定最优的适应总体上表现为指数效应趋势。这些研究指出的情况并不是所有基因都或多或少具有相同的作用。更确切地说，似乎是少数影响很大的基因导致了大部分的反应，其余的反应是由大量影响很小的基因座引起的。S. Falconer （1981）
It is now clear that the genetic basis of adaptation does not resemble that assumed by the infinitesimal model. Instead, adaptation often involves a modest number of factors of large effect and a greater number of factors of smaller effect. After reviewing relevant experimental studies, I consider recent theoretical attempts to predict the genetic architecture of adaptation from first principles. In particular, I review the history of work on Fisher's geometric model of adaptation, including recent studies which suggest that adaptation should be characterized by exponential distributions of gene effects. I also present the results of new simulation studies that test the robustness of this finding. I explore the effects of changes in the distribution of mutational effects (absolute versus relative) as well as in the nature of the character studied (total phenotypic effect versus single characters). The results show that adaptation towards a fixed optimum is generally characterized by an exponential effects trend.The situation to which these studies point is not one of a large number of genes all with more or less equal effect. It seems, rather, that a small number of genes with large effects are responsible for most of the response, the remainder of the response being due to a larger number of loci with small effects.D. S. Falconer (1981)