Ontology, Causality, and Methodology of Evolutionary Research Programs
Ontology, Causality, and Methodology of Evolutionary Research Programs
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DOI：
10.7551/mitpress/11693.003.0013
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Otsuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Otsuka
科学上的冲突往往源于科学家们看待和理解自己领域的概念框架的不同。在这一章中，我分析了进化生物学中三个传统的本体论和方法论假设，即恩斯特·迈尔的种群思想、现代综合命题的基因中心观和扩展进化综合理论。这些框架中的每一个都以对“进化原因”的不同描述为前提，这种差异阻碍了在最近围绕EES的争论中相互理解和客观评估。从这个角度来看，本章将EES研究计划描述为试图引入基因以外的因果结构作为额外的进化单位，并将其研究方法和目标与传统MS框架的研究方法和目标进行比较。
Scientific conflicts often stem from differences in the conceptual framework through which scientists view and understand their own field. In this chapter, I analyze the ontological and methodological assumptions of three traditions in evolutionary biology, namely, Ernst Mayr’s population thinking, the gene-centered view of the Modern Syn thesis (MS), and the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES). Each of these frameworks presupposes a different account of "evolutionary causes," and this discrepancy prevents mutual understanding and objective evaluation in the recent contention surrounding the EES. From this perspective, the chapter characterizes the EES research program as an attempt to introduce causal structures beyond genes as additional units of evolution, and compares its research methodology and objectives with those of the traditional MS framework.