Alaskan Hunting License Lotteries are Flexible and Approximately Efficient
Alaskan Hunting License Lotteries are Flexible and Approximately Efficient
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阿拉斯加狩猎许可证彩票灵活且近似高效
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3370605
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Randolph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Arnosti;T. Randolph
我们分析了k彩票，这是用来分配狩猎许可证在阿拉斯加州。每个参与者被给予k张票，以在不同类型的项目的彩票中分配。赢得多个项目的参与者将获得他们最喜欢的，新的获奖者将从无人认领的彩票中抽取。
当供应稀缺时，k票彩票的均衡结果接近于等收入竞争均衡（CEEI），这是帕累托有效的。当供给适度时，k票彩票表现出两个低效率的来源。首先，一些代理人可能会从交易概率份额中受益。第二，结果可能是“浪费的”：即使可接受的项目仍然未分配，代理人也可能什么也得不到。我们将这两种低效率的来源联系起来，并证明了每一种都可以通过适当选择k来消除：当k = 1时，交易永远是有益的，当k接近无穷大时，浪费就会被消除。
k-ticket彩票的浪费有一些好处：具有强烈偏好的代理人可能更喜欢k-ticket彩票结果，而不是任何非浪费的无嫉妒机制。这些代理人喜欢小的k值，而代理人与弱偏好喜欢大的k值。总之，这些结果表明，k票彩票在大多数情况下表现良好，并可能适用于其他设置项目定量配给。
We analyze the k-ticket lottery, which is used to allocate hunting permits in the state of Alaska. Each participant is given k tickets to distribute among lotteries for different types of items. Participants who win multiple items receive their favorite, and new winners are drawn from the lotteries with unclaimed items.
When supply is scarce, equilibrium outcomes of the k-ticket lottery approximate a competitive equilibrium from equal incomes (CEEI), which is Pareto efficient. When supply is moderate, k-ticket lotteries exhibit two sources of inefficiency. First, some agents may benefit from trading probability shares. Second, outcomes may be ``wasteful": agents may receive nothing even if acceptable items remain unallocated. We bound both sources of inefficiency, and show that each is eliminated by a suitable choice of k: trades are never beneficial when k = 1, and waste is eliminated as k approaches infinity.
The wastefulness of the k-ticket lottery has some benefits: agents with strong preferences may prefer k-ticket lottery outcomes to those of any nonwasteful envy-free mechanism. These agents prefer small values of k, while agents with weak preferences prefer large values of k. Together, these results suggest that the k-ticket lottery performs well under most circumstances, and may be suitable for other settings where items are rationed.