Prevalence of Partner Abuse: Rates of Emotional Abuse and Control
Prevalence of Partner Abuse: Rates of Emotional Abuse and Control
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DOI：
10.1891/1946-6560.3.3.286
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Barner, John R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carney, Michelle Mohr;Barner, John R.
在过去的二十年中，伴侣虐待研究将暴力，威胁或虐待现象划分为研究人员感兴趣的离散领域，尽管不同，但仍然广泛定义为“家庭虐待”或最近的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）。因此，任何协调一致的尝试，以典型的IPV研究的各种基层必须认识到每个领域的独特特征，就其组成部分（即，行为或心理后遗症，发病率和患病率，以及社会或人际环境），同时保持作为IPV变体的总体分类共性。本文对控制强制暴力（CCV）的三个方面的研究进行了同期和系统的回顾：情感虐待、性胁迫、跟踪或强迫行为，沿着的是对这些IPV基质何时与对亲密伴侣的身体攻击相结合的单独检查。每个CCV基层是在操作上定义的研究术语共同的社会科学研究，并提供表格和叙述性数据的发病率和患病率的每个基层和组合类别。来自本次审查的显着的调查结果报告的三个方面的CCV。对于情感虐待，患病率平均约为80%，40%的女性和32%的男性报告了表达性攻击（即，在某些令人不安或令人不快的情况下，有41%的妇女和43%的男子报告说受到某种形式的胁迫控制。在性胁迫方面，国家样本显示受害者性别差异最大，0.2%的男性和4.5%的女性赞同伴侣强迫性交。到目前为止，对高度可变的研究，跟踪和强迫行为的最大选择显示，美国4.1%至8.0%的女性和0.5%至2.0%的男性在一生中的某个时候被跟踪过。据报告，妇女的跟踪受害率（7%）明显高于男子（2%）。对于所有类型的暴力行为，除了以使她们感到害怕的方式被跟踪之外，陌生人是最常见的肇事者;据报告，在大约80%的案件中，妇女最经常受到她们认识的男子的伤害，最经常的是她们现在或以前的亲密伴侣。在报告重复不必要接触的女性中，电流（15.9%）和前（32.9%）在最近发生的事件中，近一半的肇事者是亲密伴侣，最大的细分报告来自学院或大学生样本。对这些类型的IPV以及对亲密伴侣的身体攻击的单独检查报告显示，最强的联系是跟踪和其他形式的性侵犯之间的联系。亲密关系中的暴力行为：被现任或前任丈夫或同居伴侣跟踪的妇女中，81%的人还受到该伴侣的身体攻击，31%的人报告受到该伴侣的性攻击。在所报告的各类暴力侵害妇女行为中，报告率最高的大多数暴力形式来自大的国家样本，较小的样本显示出更大的变异性。本文最后用一个简短的部分描述了可以从综述中得出的结论以及对研究，实践和IPV奖学金的潜在影响。
Partner abuse research over the past two decades has divided violent, threatening, or abusive phenomena into discrete areas of interest to researchers that, although distinct, are still broadly defined under the common category of "domestic abuse" or, more recently, intimate partner violence (IPV). Thus, any concerted attempt to typify the various substrata of IPV research must recognize the distinct features of each area regarding their component parts (i.e., behavioral or psychological sequelae, incidence and prevalence, and social or interpersonal context) while maintaining the overarching categorical commonality as variants of IPV.This article constitutes a contemporaneous and systematic review of the research on three aspects of controlling coercive violence (CCV): emotional abuse, sexual coercion, and stalking or obsessive behavior, along with a separate examination of when these IPV substrata are combined with physical assaults on intimate partners. Each CCV substrata is operationally defined in research terms common to the social science research, and tabular and narrative data is provided on the incidence and prevalence of each substrata and the combined category. Notable findings derived from this review are reported for each of the three aspects of CCV. For emotional abuse, prevalence rates might average around 80%, with 40% of women and 32% of men reporting expressive aggression (i.e., verbal abuse or emotional violence in response to some agitating or aggravating circumstance) and 41% of women and 43% of men reporting some form of coercive control. For sexual coercion, national samples demonstrated the widest disparity by gender of victim, with 0.2% of men and 4.5% of women endorsing forced sexual intercourse by a partner. By far, the largest selection of highly variable studies, stalking and obsessive behaviors showed a range from 4.1% to 8.0% of women and 0.5% to 2.0% of men in the United States have been stalked at some time in their life. Women were reported as having a significantly higher prevalence ( 7%) of stalking victimization than men ( 2%). For all types of violence, except being followed in a way that frightened them, strangers were the most common perpetrators; as reported in approximately 80% of cases, women were most often victimized by men they knew, most frequently, their current or former intimate partners. Among women who reported repeated unwanted contact, current ( 15.9%) and former ( 32.9%) intimate partners were the perpetrators in nearly half of the most recent incidents and the largest subdivision of reports came from college or university student samples.A separate examination reports of these types of IPV combined with physical assaults on intimate partners reported the strongest link was between stalking and other forms of violence in intimate relationships: 81% of women who were stalked by a current or former husband or cohabiting partner were also physically assaulted by that partner and 31% reported being sexually assaulted by that partner. Of the types of IPV reported on, most forms of violence that show the highest rates of reportage come from large national samples, with smaller samples showing increased variability. This article concludes with a brief section delineating conclusions that can be drawn from the review and the potential implications for research, practice, and IPV scholarship.