A genetic and linguistic analysis of the admixture histories of the islands of Cabo Verde.
A genetic and linguistic analysis of the admixture histories of the islands of Cabo Verde.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.79827
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发表时间：
2023-04-25
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Verdu P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laurent R;Szpiech ZA;da Costa SS;Thouzeau V;Fortes-Lima CA;Dessarps-Freichey F;Lémée L;Utgé J;Rosenberg NA;Baptista M;Verdu P
从 15 世纪到 19 世纪，跨大西洋奴隶贸易 (TAST) 影响了众多人群的遗传和文化多样性。我们探索来自佛得角九个岛屿的基因组和语言数据，佛得角是当时欧洲在非洲最早的殖民地，是 16 世纪至 19 世纪之间的主要奴隶贸易平台，也是一个以前无人居住的地方，非常适合调查欧洲人和非洲人之间的早期混合事件。使用当地血统推断方法，我们发现佛得角的基因混合主要发生在伊比利亚人和某些塞内冈比亚人之间，尽管强迫和自愿迁移到该群岛涉及许多其他人群。个体间的遗传和语言变异概括了佛得角群岛上个体出生地的地理分布，遵循距离隔离模型，群岛内的遗传和语言有效传播减少，并表明克里奥鲁语变体是在非常小的地理尺度上与遗传差异一起发展的。此外，基于高度复杂的混合历史的近似贝叶斯计算推论，我们发现每个岛屿的混合很早就发生了，早在18世纪非洲和美洲种植园经济扩张引发的大规模TAST驱逐之前，而在这个时代之后，主要是在欧洲殖民帝国废除TAST和奴隶制期间。我们的结果说明了 TAST 期间和之后被奴役和非奴役社区之间社会文化关系的变化如何塑造了大西洋两岸被奴役的非洲后裔的基因组多样性和结构。
From the 15th to the 19th century, the Trans-Atlantic Slave-Trade (TAST) influenced the genetic and cultural diversity of numerous populations. We explore genomic and linguistic data from the nine islands of Cabo Verde, the earliest European colony of the era in Africa, a major Slave-Trade platform between the 16th and 19th centuries, and a previously uninhabited location ideal for investigating early admixture events between Europeans and Africans. Using local-ancestry inference approaches, we find that genetic admixture in Cabo Verde occurred primarily between Iberian and certain Senegambian populations, although forced and voluntary migrations to the archipelago involved numerous other populations. Inter-individual genetic and linguistic variation recapitulates the geographic distribution of individuals’ birth-places across Cabo Verdean islands, following an isolation-by-distance model with reduced genetic and linguistic effective dispersals within the archipelago, and suggesting that Kriolu language variants have developed together with genetic divergences at very reduced geographical scales. Furthermore, based on approximate bayesian computation inferences of highly complex admixture histories, we find that admixture occurred early on each island, long before the 18th-century massive TAST deportations triggered by the expansion of the plantation economy in Africa and the Americas, and after this era mostly during the abolition of the TAST and of slavery in European colonial empires. Our results illustrate how shifting socio-cultural relationships between enslaved and non-enslaved communities during and after the TAST, shaped enslaved-African descendants’ genomic diversity and structure on both sides of the Atlantic.