Beyond Faces and Expertise: Facelike Holistic Processing of Nonface Objects in the Absence of Expertise.
Beyond Faces and Expertise: Facelike Holistic Processing of Nonface Objects in the Absence of Expertise.
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797615617779
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Bülthoff I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao M;Bülthoff HH;Bülthoff I
整体处理——将物体视为不可分解的整体的倾向——长期以来一直被视为特定于面孔或专业对象的过程。虽然目前的理论在导致整体加工的原因上存在分歧，但它们都有一个基本的限制：在缺乏专业知识的情况下，非面部物体不能引发类似面部的整体加工。与这种流行的观点相反，我们在这里展示了具有显著格式塔信息（即部分之间的连通性，封闭性和连续性）的线条模式可以像面部一样被整体处理，而无需任何训练。此外，在这些模式中，格式塔信息的显著性减弱会降低整体加工，这表明格式塔信息在整体加工中起着至关重要的作用。因此，整体处理不仅可以通过基于专业知识的自顶向下的路线来实现，也可以通过仅依赖基于对象的信息的自底向上的路线来实现。类脸整体处理可以超越面孔和专业对象的领域，这一发现对当前占主导地位的理论提出了挑战。
Holistic processing—the tendency to perceive objects as indecomposable wholes—has long been viewed as a process specific to faces or objects of expertise. Although current theories differ in what causes holistic processing, they share a fundamental constraint for its generalization: Nonface objects cannot elicit facelike holistic processing in the absence of expertise. Contrary to this prevailing view, here we show that line patterns with salient Gestalt information (i.e., connectedness, closure, and continuity between parts) can be processed as holistically as faces without any training. Moreover, weakening the saliency of Gestalt information in these patterns reduced holistic processing of them, which indicates that Gestalt information plays a crucial role in holistic processing. Therefore, holistic processing can be achieved not only via a top-down route based on expertise, but also via a bottom-up route relying merely on object-based information. The finding that facelike holistic processing can extend beyond the domains of faces and objects of expertise poses a challenge to current dominant theories.