Avatars Versus Agents: A Meta-Analysis Quantifying the Effect of Agency on Social Influence
Avatars Versus Agents: A Meta-Analysis Quantifying the Effect of Agency on Social Influence
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DOI：
10.1080/07370024.2014.921494
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发表时间：
2015-09-03
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Bailenson, Jeremy N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox, Jesse;Ahn, Sun Joo (Grace);Bailenson, Jeremy N.
现有的研究调查了被认为是由人类（即化身）控制的虚拟表征还是被认为由计算机算法（即代理）控制的虚拟表征更具影响力。一项荟萃分析（N = 32）检查了虚拟环境中的社会影响力模型（Blascovich，2002），并调查了虚拟环境中的代理和化身是否会引起不同程度的社会影响力。结果表明，感知到的化身比感知到的代理产生了更强的反应。沉浸水平（桌面与完全沉浸）、因变量类型（主观与客观）、任务类型（竞争与合作与中立）以及表示的实际控制（人类与计算机）作为调节因素进行了检查。交互效应表明，在使用客观测量的桌面上进行的研究显示，与在桌面上进行但使用主观测量的研究相比，对代理的影响更大。竞争性和合作性任务比中性任务表现出更大的代理效应。两种条件实际上由人类控制的研究显示出比两种条件实际上由计算机控制的研究更大的代理效应。我们讨论人机交互和计算机介导的通信的理论和设计含义。
Existing research has investigated whether virtual representations perceived to be controlled by humans (i.e., avatars) or those perceived to be controlled by computer algorithms (i.e., agents) are more influential. A meta-analysis (N = 32) examined the model of social influence in virtual environments (Blascovich, 2002) and investigated whether agents and avatars in virtual environments elicit different levels of social influence. Results indicated that perceived avatars produced stronger responses than perceived agents. Level of immersion (desktop vs. fully immersive), dependent variable type (subjective vs. objective), task type (competitive vs. cooperative vs. neutral), and actual control of the representation (human vs. computer) were examined as moderators. An interaction effect revealed that studies conducted on a desktop that used objective measures showed a stronger effect for agency than those that were conducted on a desktop but used subjective measures. Competitive and cooperative tasks showed greater agency effects than neutral tasks. Studies in which both conditions were actually human controlled showed greater agency effects than studies in which both conditions were actually computer controlled. We discuss theoretical and design implications for human-computer interaction and computer-mediated communication.